WORK

Work provides a means of determining

the motion of an object when the force
applied to it is known as a function of
position.

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 1

 Work Energy Theorem

Wnet is the work done by

Fnet the net force acting on a body.

Wnet   Fnet ( x ) dx
xf
xi

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 2

 Work Energy Theorem (continued)

Wnet   Fnet dx
xf
xi

dv
  madx  m
xf xf
xi xi
dx
dt
v dx
 mv dv  mv vdv
f v f

dt
i i

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 3

 Work Energy Theorem (continued)

Wnet  m vdv
vf
vi

2 vf
v 
 m   2 m(v f  vi )
1 2 2

 2 v i

Wnet  mv  mv
1
2
2
f
1
2
2
i

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 4

 Work Energy Theorem (concluded)

Define Kinetic Energy

K  mv
1
2
2

Then,
Wnet = Kf - Ki
Wnet = DK

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 5

 WORK - GENERAL DEFINITION
rf  

W   Fds
ri
 
Fds  (iˆFx  ˆjFy )(iˆdx  ˆjdy )
 
Fds  Fx dx  Fy dy

rf
W   (Fx dx  Fy dy )
ri
xf yf
W   Fx dx   Fy dy
xi yi
Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 6
 CONSERVATIVE FORCES
A force is conservative if the work it
does on a particle that moves through a
closed path is zero, otherwise, the force
is nonconservative.
 
 F  dr  0

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 7

 CONSERVATIVE FORCES (cont)
A force is conservative if the work it
does on a particle that moves between
two points is the same for all paths
connecting those points, otherwise, the
force in nonconservative

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 8

 Potential Energy
DU = - Wc
Wnet = DK
If Wnet = Wc
Then, DK = - DU

DK + DU = 0

D(K + U) = 0
Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 9
 MECHANICAL ENERGY
U+K=E
E = Mechanical Energy
DE = 0

Ei = Ef
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 10

 Mass and Spring

E  U  K  kx  mv
1
2
2 1
2
2

1
2 mv  E  kx
2 1
2
2
E  kA
1
2
2

1 2
2 E k 2 2 kA
v 2
 x   x   (A  x )
2 2 2 2 2 2
m m m

v   A  x 2 2

Physical Modeling, Fall 2006 11