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Soil Suitability and Management For Crop Production
Soil Suitability and Management For Crop Production
production
Soil Suitability and management for crop production
Abstract:
Alluvial soils prevails in river basins and deltas suits well for
cultivation of rice, maize, groundnut, sugarcane, sunflower, cotton
etc.
Desert and mountain soils are lesser extent used for crop
cultivation.
Learning objectives:
To learn the different types of soils and their suitability for crop
production.
To study the various constrains and management strategies for
better crop production in different soils.
Introduction:
Suitability criteria
Alluvial soil
These soils are one of the best agricultural soils and are used
for growing most crops such as wheat, paddy, maize, groundnut,
potato, cotton, sunflower, sugarcane, etc.
Soil Suitability and management for crop production
Management:
Black soil
They are very hard consistence when dry and very plastic and
sticky when wet.
The soils are inherently very fertile and under rain fed
conditions, they are used for growing crops such as cotton,
sorghum, millet, soybean or pigeon pea during monsoon rainy
period.
Management:
Red soil
Red soil gets its red colour due to the presence of iron
oxide in the soil. The soil is formed because of the disintegration
of metamorphic and igneous rocks.
soils.
Depth of red soils varies very widely and hard pan formation
may occur frequently. This hard pan in turn result in poor anchorage to
the crop, low infiltration of water and high run off and soil erosion.
Soils are light textured and needs light and frequent irrigation
(micro irrigation) to maintain the soil at field capacity levels.
Laterite soil
Desert soil
Management:
Mountain soil
The saline soils, once leached of the excess salts, are used
Soil Suitability and management for crop
production
The coastal saline soils are generally used for growing paddy,
coconut or other agro climatically suitable crop.
Summary:
Most of the crops need well drained, medium textured and salt
free soils, and soils having optimum physical , chemical and
biological properties.
Alluvial soil is found mostly in the flood plains and deltas and
is one of the best agricultural soils and is used for growing most
crops. Suitable drainage facilities are mandatory in waterlogged
areas which also alleviate the further problems like salinity and
alkalinity.
Black soils are very hard consistence when dry and very plastic
and sticky when wet.
Soil Suitability and management for crop production
Preparatory cultivation should be carried out at optimal moisture condition.
They are used for growing crops such as cotton, sorghum, millet, soybean or
pigeon pea. Crop selection is most important aspect in management since
these soils may not suits for many crop cultivation.
Red soil has highly varying soil texture that makes them most prone to
surface crusting and hardening.
Under good management practices, these soils can be profitably used for a
variety of agricultural, horticultural and plantation crops. Red soils are light
textured and needs light and frequent irrigation to maintain the soil at field
capacity levels
Soil Suitability and management for crop production
Laterite soil has very low fertility and becomes hard when exposed
to the air some crops like coffee, coconut and cashew are capable of
growing in laterite soil. Organic amendment and green manures addition
increase the soil fertility status.
Desert soil is most often found in the arid and semi-arid regions.
The soil is best suited for drought-resistant crops like millet and barley.
Identification of drought resistant cops is the most pre-requisite since,
these soils suits for narrow range of crops.
Soil Suitability and management for crop production
Salt affected soils are the soils that contain considerable amounts
zone.
1.Most of the crops need well drained, medium textured soils with
neutral pH (True /False)
3. Black soils is one of the best soils and is used for growing most
crops (True /False)