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11 - Concrete Flexural Design
11 - Concrete Flexural Design
Members
Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members
εc εc εc=0.003
Stress
fs fs fs=fy
T
cracked concrete cracked concrete
C c
fc fc fc=f’c
Cconcrete = 0.85f’cabw
• bw = width of web
As f y
a
0.85 f 'c bw
a
jd d
2
a
j 1
2d
Mu ≤ ΦMn=0.9Tjd = 0.9Asfyjd
0.75Asfyd ≤ Mu ≤ 0.85Asfyd
Reinforcement Ratio
As
Reinforcement ratio for beams
bw d
A's
' Compression reinforcement ratio
bw d
Design Equations
Mu
As For positive moment sections of T-shaped beams,
0.85 f y d and for negative moment sections of beams or
slabs where ρ ≤ ⅓ ρb.
Note: if ρ > ρb can add compression reinforcement to prevent failure due to crushing of concrete.
Depth of Beam for Preliminary Design
2.5M u
d
3
f y b
Beam Analysis
ACI 318 Approximate Moments and Shears
Compression Reinforcement
If ρ > ρb must add compression reinforcement to prevent
failure due to crushing of concrete
fy
A's ( As bw db )
f 'sb
8d '
f 'sb 871
3d
Crack Control
For serviceability, crack widths, in tension zones,
must be limited.
ACI 318 requires the tension
reinforcement in the flanges
of T-beams be distributed
over an effective flange width,
b, or a width equal to 1/10
span, whichever is smaller. If
the effective flange width
exceeds 1/10 the span,
additional reinforcement shall
be provided in the outer
portions of the flange.
Flexure Design Example p. 21 notes
The partial office building floor plan shown had
beams spanning 30 ft and girders spanning 24 ft.
Design the slab, beams, and girders to support a
live load of 80 psf and a dead weight of 15 psf in
addition to the self weight of the structure. Use
grade 60 reinforcing steel and 4000 psi concrete.
30 ft 30 ft 30 ft 30 ft
24 ft
24 ft
24 ft
Reinforcing Steel