MACHINE TOOL ENGINEERING

AND DESIGN

Unit - II

Prof. P. Laxminarayana
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
University College of Engineering
Osmania University, Hyderabad
Content
 Kinematics
 Drives of Machine tools: Selection of range of speeds and feeds.
 Layout in
• Geometric Progression.,
• Arithmetic Progression
• Logarithmic progression,
 Standardization of speeds and feeds.
 Productivity loss.
 Selection of highest and lowest speeds, Range ratio.
 Design of ray diagram" and structural diagrams for machine tool
gear boxes.
 Sliding
 Clustered and clutched drives,
 Support drive
KINEMATICS

Kinematics deals with the way things move. It is a study of the geometry of
motion that involves determination of position, displacement, speed, velocity, and
acceleration

KINEMATICS OF MACHINES
The kinematics of machines deals with analysis and synthesis of mechanisms

Kinematics implies displacement, velocity and acceleration of a point of interest at a

particular time or with passage of time.

A point or a particle may be displaced from its initial position in any direction. The
motion of a particle confined to move in a plane can be defined by x, y or r, or some
other pair of independent coordinates.

The motion of a particle constrained to move along a straight line can be defined by any
one coordinate. The concerned coordinate shall describe its location at any instant.
Displacement

Acceleration
Velocity
Drives of Machine Tools
 To obtain a machined part by a machine tool, coordinated motions must be
imparted to its working members.

 These motions are either primary (cutting and feed) movements,

which removes the chips from the WP or auxiliary motions that are
required to prepare for machining and ensure the successive machining
of several surfaces of one WP or a similar surface of different WPs.
Principal motions may be either rotating or straight reciprocating.

 In some machine tools, this motion is a combination of rotating and

reciprocating motions. Feed movement may be continuous (lathes,
milling machine, drilling machine) or intermittent (shapers, planers).

 As shown in Figure1., stepped motions are obtained using belting or

gearing. Stepless speeds are achieved by mechanical, hydraulic, and
electrical methods.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSMISSION OF ROTARY MOTION
STEPPED SPEED DRIVES
Belting
Pick-Off Gears
GEAR BOXES
 Machine tools are characterized by their large number of spindle speeds
and feeds to cope with the requirements of machining parts of different
materials and dimensions using different types of cutting tool materials
and geometries.

 The cutting speed is determined on the bases of the cutting ability of the
tool used, surface finish required, and economical considerations.
Selection of range of speeds and feeds
Stepping of Speeds According to Arithmetic Progression
Speed stepping according to Arithmetic progression
Stepping of Speeds According to Geometric Progression
Logarithmic Progression
Standardization of speeds in Machine Tools
Standardization of Feeds in Machine Tools
Machine Tool : Productivity Loss
Selection of highest and lowest speeds, range ratio.
Range ratio
Design of Ray Diagram for Machine Tool Gear Boxes.
Design of Structural Diagram for Machine Tool Gear
Boxes.
Structural Diagram
Machine Tools : Sliding Gears
Machine Tools : Clutches
Machine Tools : Support Drives
References

Machine Tool Design by N. K. Mehta

Tata McGraw-Hill Education

Design Of Machine Tools, 5/E Basu

Oxford and IBH Publishing