ANALYTICAL REASONING GENERAL SCIENCE AND

ABILITIES-CSS
WHAT IS ANALYTICAL REASONING(AR)?
It refers to recognizing patterns and connections in a variety
of information.

Each analytical reasoning question is a logical puzzle.

It measure’s candidate’s ability to analyze and draw result

from a complex situation by applying logic.

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TYPES OF AR QUESTIONS?
Classification type questions
Seating/placing arrangements
Comparison type questions
Sequential order of things
Selection based on given conditions
Questions involving family members, their relationship, their
professions, etc.

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RULES TO CRACK OR UNWIND AR QUESTIONS
1. Read the passage carefully
a) To determine the exact nature of relationships.
b) Some relationships are fixed and some may be variable and
some may be implied.
2. Do not introduce unwarranted assumptions.
a) For instance do not assume that a person who is taller than
another person will be more in weight…
b) Information to answer the questions is provided in the
passage.
c) Pay attention to words like “only”, “exactly”, “never”,
“always”, “mustbe”, “cannot be”, etc.
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RULES TO CRACK OR UNWIND AR QUESTIONS
CONTD.
3. Keep in mind question independence.
a) Each question should be considered separately from the other question
b) Information should not be carried over from one question to another

4. Consider highlighting text and using diagrams

a) Identify key conditions and restriction in the problem.

5. Organize the information

a. Grids and tables-multi columnar grid to facilitate logical thinking
b. Symbols and notations

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RULES TO CRACK OR UNWIND AR QUESTIONS
CONTD.
6. Elimination of answer choices.
a) Be careful in eliminating choices
b) Many problems require a bottom-up approach
c) Only eliminate if the conditions are insufficient

7. Answer all question at the same time

a) Do not rush to the next question
b) Only skip question if it is consuming too much time and it
become inevitable to complete paper if not skipped.

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CLASSIFICATION TYPE QUESTIONS

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EXAMPLE
Read the following information carefully and answer the question that
follow
There are six cities A,B,C,D,E,F
A is not a hill station
B and E are not historical places
D is not an industrial city
A and D are not historical cities
A and B are not alike

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 QUESTIONS
1. Which two cities are industrial centers?
2. Which two cities are historical centers?
3. Which two cities are hill stations?
4. Which city is a hill station and an industrial center but not a
historical place?
5. Which two cities are neither historical places nor industrial
centers?

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SEATING/PLACING ARRANGEMENTS

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SOME CLUES REGARDING SEATING OR PLACING SEQUENCE ARE GIVEN.

Example
I. Six persons A,B,C,D,E and F are sitting in two rows, three in
each
II. E is not at the end of any row
III. D is second to the left of F
IV. C the neighbor of E is sitting diagonally opposite to D
V. B is the neighbor of F
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QUESTIONS
1. Identify a pair sitting diagonally opposite to each
other?
2. Who is facing B?
3. Identify two persons in the same row?
4. Identify three who are in one of the two rows?
5. After interchanging seats with E, who will be the
neighbor of D in new position?
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COMPARISON TYPE QUESTIONS

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KEY NOTE
Clues are given regarding the comparison
among a set of persons or things with respect
to one or more qualities.

Analyze the whole information, from a proper

ascending/ descending sequence
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EXAMPLE
Read the information given below and answer the questions that
follow:
i. There is a group of 5 girls S,H,M,R and N
ii. S is second in height but younger than M
iii. H is taller than R but younger in age
iv. M and R are of the same age but M is tallest among them
v. N is taller than H and elder to M.

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QUESTIONS
If they are arranged in the ascending order of height, who will
be in third position?
If they are arranged in the descending order of their ages
who will be in the fourth position?
To answer the question “ who is the youngest person in the
group” which of the given statements is superfluous?
a)Only (i) b)Only (ii) c) Only (v) d) Either (i) or (iv)

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SEQUENTIAL ORDER 0F THINGS

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KEY NOTE

Clues are given regarding the order of

occurrence of certain events

Frame the right sequence

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EXAMPLE
Read the following information carefully
Six plays A,B,C,D,E and F are to be staged one on each day from Monday to
Saturday. The schedule of the plays is as follows:
i. A must be staged a day before E
ii. C must not be staged on Tuesday
iii. B must be staged on the day following the day on which F is staged
iv. D must be staged on Friday only and should not be immediately
preceded by B.
v. E must not be staged on the last day of the schedule.

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QUESTIONS
1. which play is played immediately after B?
2. Which play is played on Monday?
3. Play D is between which two pairs of play?
4. Write down the schedule of the plays with the order of their staging from
Monday?
5. Play C cannot be staged on the following day in addition to Tuesday?

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BLOOD RELATIONS WITH THEIR RELATIONSHIP AND
PROFESSIONS

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KEY NOTE
In these type of questions persons are
engaged in different professionals and they
are also relatives to one another or related in
terms of qualities, dressed, preferences, etc.
Students are advised to draw a family tree of
the generations

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ILLUSTRATION
i. P,Q,R,S,T and U are travelling in a bus
ii. There are two reporters, two technicians, one photographer and one writer in the
group
iii. The photographer P is married to S who is a reporter
iv. The writer is married to Q who is in the same profession as that U
v. P,Q,R,S are two married couples and nobody in the group has same profession
vi. U is the brother of R

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QUESTIONS
1. Identify the pair of technicians?
2. Identify the pair of reporters?
3. How is R related to U?
4. Identify the couple in the question?
5. Identify the pair of husbands?

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CODING-DECODING

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KEY NOTES
Coding is a method of transmitting a message between the sender
and the receiver with out a third person knowing it
Candidates are required to decipher the message in the code.
Example
If in a code, ALTERED is written ZOGVIVW, then in the same code,
RELATED would be written as?
If PAINT is coded as 74128 and EXCEL is coded as 93596 then how
would you encode ACCEPT?

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DIRECTION SENSE TEST
Example
One day Mr. Q left home and cycled 10 Km southwards, turned
right and cycled 5 km and turned right and cycled 10 km and
turned left and cycled 10 km. How many Kilometers will he have to
cycle to reach his home straight?

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CLASSIFICATION
To assort the items of a given group on the
basis of certain common qualities.
Pick out the stranger one.
Give reasoning for your answer

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EXAMPLE- CLASSIFICATION
In each series five words have been given. Pick the odd one out.
1.(a) Kiwi (b)Eagle (c)EMU (d) Penguin (e) Ostrich
2.(a) Lake (b) Lagoon (c)River (d) Pool (e) Pond
3.(a) Arrow (b) Axe (c) Knife (d) Dagger (e) Sword
4.(a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Star (d) Mars (e) Universe
5.(a) House (b) Cottage (c) School (d) Palace (e) Hut

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SERIES COMPLETION
PATTERN RECOGNITION
Examples
1,4,9,16,25,(…..)
0,6,24,60,120,210,(….)
2,3,5,7,11,(…..), 17

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BLOOD RELATIONS
Success in these type of questions depend on the knowledge of
relationships
Mother’s or father’s son Brother

Mother’s or father’s daughter Sister

Mother’s or father’s brother Uncle

Mother’s or father’s sister Aunt

Mother’s or father’s father Grand father

Mother’s or father’s mother Grand mother

Son’s wife Daughter in law

Daughter’s husband Son in law

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Husband’s or wife’s sister Sister in law
Husband’s or wife’s brother Brother in law
Brother’s son Nephew
Brother’s daughter Neice
Uncle or aunt’s son or daughter Cousin
Grandson’s or granddaughter’s daughter Great grand
daughter

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EXAMPLE
1. A and B are married couple. X and Y are brother. X is the
brother of A. How is Y related to B?
2. Pointing to a man on a stage Miss A said “ he is the brother of
the daughter of the wife of my husband.” How us the man on stage
related to Miss A?

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PERSON RANKING TEST
Rank of the person or an object both from the top or bottom is
mentioned.
Total number of persons or objects is asked.
Sometimes this question may come in the form of puzzle by
interchanging seats of two persons or objects

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EXAMPLES
1. In a row of 21 girls, when Maryam was shifted by four place
towards right, she became 12th from the left. What was her earlier
position from the right end of the row?

2. If Atif finds he is 12th from the right in a line of boys and fourth
from the left, How many boys should be added to the line such that
there are 27 boys in the line?

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THANKYOU

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