1

Measurement
of
Area, Length,
Speed and
Time
 MEASUREMENT OF AREA

• Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimentional figure

or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-
dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as
the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to
fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the
surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of
a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-
dimensional concept).
 AREA MEASURING INSTRUMENT

• Planimeter - is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary

two-dimensional shape.
 SURFACE AREA

• In general, the surface area is the sum of all the areas of all the shapes that
cover the surface of the object.
FORMULAS:
 CROSS SECTIONAL AREA

• The cross section of an object is the shape you get when you cut straight
through an object. It can be a rectangle, a circle even an oval, depending on
how it has been cut.
FORMULAS:
 AREA SAMPLE PROBLEM

• A rectangle has a length of 6 inches and a width of 4 inches. The area is

Area of rectangle is L x W
Where L is length and W is width
6 in x 4 in = 24 in2
 MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH

• Length determines the distance between two points, or in other

words, length is the amount of space between two points.
 LENGTH MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Steel tape - is a flexible ruler and used to measure distance. It consists of a ribbon
of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a
common measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily
carried in pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners.
 LENGTH MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Ruler - is a device used in geometry, technical drawing, engineering and building

to rule straight lines.
 LENGTH MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Micrometer - is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for accurate

measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well
as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as
dial, vernier, and digital calipers.
 LENGTH MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Vernier caliper - a linear measuring instrument consisting of a scaled rule with

a projecting arm at one end, to which is attached a sliding vernier with a
projecting arm that forms a jaw with the other projecting arm.
 LENGTH MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Surveyor's wheel - also called a clickwheel, hodometer, waywiser, trundle

wheel, measuring wheel or perambulator is a device for measuring
distance.
 MEASUREMENT OF SPEED

• Speed is an expression of how fast an object moves.

 SPEED MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Speedometer – an instrument on a vehicle's dashboard indicating its speed.

 SPEED MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• Anemometer - an instrument for measuring the speed of the wind, or of any
current of gas.
FORMULA OF SPEED

s = speed (mph, cm/s, m/s, km/hr)

d = distance traveled (km, m, cm, mile)
t = time (hr, sec)
 SPEED SAMPLE PROBLEM

• A man walks 20 km in 4 hours. Find his speed.

Solution:
Distance covered = 20 km
Time taken = 4 hours
We know, speed = distance/time
= 20 km/4 hr
Therefore, speed = 5 km/hr
 MEASUREMENT OF TIME

• Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in
apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the
future.
 TIME MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Sundial - an object that measures time by the position of a shadow made

in sunny weather, consisting of a pointed metal piece on top of
a flat piece of stone.
 TIME MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Hourglass - a glass container that uses sand to measure one hour.

 TIME MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Clock - a clock is an instrument used to measure, keep, and indicate time.

 TIME MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

• Stopwatch - a small clock used for measuring the time it takes to do

something very accurately.
FORMULA OF TIME

t = time (hr, sec)

d = distance traveled (km, m, cm, mile)
s = speed (mph, cm/s, m/s, km/hr)
 TIME SAMPLE PROBLEM

• Victor covers 210 km by car at a speed of 70 km/hr. Find the time taken to
cover this distance.
Solution:
speed = 70 km/hr,
distance covered = 210 km
Time taken = Distance/ Speed
= 210 km/70 km/hr
= 3 hours
 The End

Prepared by: Juniel Cuyos & Kent Tesaluna

BSME 4-1