POLITICAL

DIVISION OF
ENGLAND

Oksana Olšová, MCR (2007)

 Union Jack
 British national flag is called "Union Jack".
 It symbolises the Union of England, Scotland
and Ireland and dates back from 1801.
 The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron
saints of:
 England (St George's red cross on a white field)
 Ireland (St Patrick's red diagonals on a white field)
 Scotland (St Andrew's white diagonals on a blue field)
 Wales is not represented because when the flag
first appeared it was already united with England.
 ENGLAND
 Is the largest and most populous
constituent country of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

 85% of the total population of the United

Kingdom live there.

 Population: 2006 - est.: 50,690,000

(2001 – census: 49,138,831)
 Area: 130,395 km²

Constituent – základní, volební; Census – sčítání lidu;

 ENGLAND 2
 England became a unified state during the
10th century and takes its name from the
Angles — one of a Germanic tribes who
settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th
centuries.

 The capital city of England is London, which is

the largest city in the British Isles and largest
city in the European Union.

 It was the birthplace of the Industrial

Revolution and was the first country in the
world to become industrialised.
 ENGLAND 3
 England is home to the Royal Society, which laid
the foundations of modern experimental science.

 England was the world's first parliamentary

democracy.

 The Kingdom of England was a separate state

until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union
resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of
Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
 The national floral
emblem of England
 Tudor Rose was adopted as a national
emblem of England around the time of
the Wars of the Roses.
 The rose is used in a variety of contexts Tudor Rose
in its use for England's representation.

the Royal Coat of Arms

the British Twenty Pence coin

 Structure of administrative divisions of
England
Northern Ireland
UNITED KINGDOM Wales
Scotland
ENGLAND

regional level 9 regions

county level 6 metropolitan 34 non-metropolitan

counties counties 41 Greater London
unitary
authorities
district level metropolitan non-metropolitan 32 City
districts districts London of
boroughs London

parish level civil parishes civil parishes civil parishes

Counties – hrabství; Unitary authorities – správní jednotky; Parish (GB) – obec;

Boroughs – městský okres, obvod;
9 regions in England North
East
North
West
Yorkshire and the
Humber

East Midlands

West Midlands
(region)
East of England

Greater
London

South East
South West
Greater London
 The administrative area was
created in 1965 and covers the
City of London and 32 London
boroughs.

 In 2005 there was population of

7,517,700 people.

 It covers 1579 km²

North-East England

 The principal city is Newcastle.

 Population: 2,515,479 (2001)

 Consists of the combined area of

Northumberland, County Durham,
Tyne and Wear and a small part of
North Yorkshire.
 Yorkshire and
the Humber
 The principal cities are Leeds,
 Sheffield

 The population in 2005 was 5,854,357.

 It covers most of the historic

county of Yorkshire: South
Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, part of North
Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, and
part of Lincolnshire.
North West England
 The principal cities are Liverpool,
Manchester
 The north of the region (that is, north
Lancashire and Cumbria) is largely
rural.
 It has a population of 6,729,764.
 Consists of the combined area of:
Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater
Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside.

Rural – venkovský, selský;

The West Midlands
 The principal city is Birmingham.

 Population: 5,267,337 (2001)

 It covers the predominantly rural

shire counties of Herefordshire,
Shropshire, Staffordshire,
Warwickshire, West Midlands, and
Worcestershire.

Predominantly – převážně; Shire – oblast, hrabsví;

The East Midlands

 The principal city is Nottingham

 Population: 4,172,179 (2001)

 It consists of the combined area of

Derbyshire, Leicestershire,
Rutland, Northamptonshire,
Nottinghamshire and most of
Lincolnshire.
The East of England
 The principal city is Cambridge.

 Its population as of the 2001

census was 5,388,140.

 It includes Essex, Hertfordshire,

Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire,
Peterborough, Norfolk and
Suffolk.
South East England
 The principal city is Guildford.

 Its population as of the 2001 census was

8,000,550 - the most populous English
region.

 It includes Berkshire,
Buckinghamshire, East Sussex,
Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent,
Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.
South West England
 It is the largest region in terms of
area.

 The principal cities are Bristol, Plymouth

 Population: 4,928,458 people.

 It includes Somerset, Bristol,

Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon,
and Cornwall.
In terms of – pokud jde o;
 The Constitution

 unwritten, based on traditions and common law

 it´s easy to change it (by an Act of Parliament or
by general agreement)
 divides power between 3 independent branches:
1. legislative
2. executive
3. judicial
 1. The LEGISLATIVE
power:
THE PARLIAMENT

 makes laws, votes taxes and public

expenses
 checks the work of the Government (the
Sovereign, the House of Commons, the House of
Lords)
The Houses of Parliament
 The Government
 THE SOVEREIGN
 at present Queen Elizabeth II.
 mainly symbolical function (she takes part at ceremonials, traditional celebrations,..)
 she appoints ministers, judges and governors
 she is the head of the Armed Forces and of the Church of England

 THE HOUSE OF LORDS

 has over 1000 members
 the head is the Lord Chancellor
 made up of the Lords of Temporal (about 900), the Lords Spiritual (2 Archbishops of
Canterbury and York + 24 bishops of the Church of England)
 they sign the bills to consider it as a law, they can refuse bills got from The House of
Commons

 THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

 consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs) – each represents a particular part of the
country
 they pass the bills
 the Speaker (elected by MPs) = the chief officer - he presides over the house
 elections – every 5 years
 minimum voting age – 18 years
 candidates must be over 21
 Benches in the House
of Commons Chamber
are coloured green.
 In contrast, the House
of Lords is decorated in
red.
2. The EXECUTIVE power:
 THE GOVERNMENT

 the head is Prime Minister (the leader of the

party, which has the majority in The House of
Commons)
 Present PM is Tony Blair – the representative of
the Labour Party (lives at 11 Downing
Street)
 he chooses his government ministers (about
20) = the Cabinet (formally appointed by the
Queen)
 the second strongest party forms an Opposition
(Shadow-Cabinet)
 the Prime Minister with the Cabinet have real
political power
3. The JUDICIAL power:

 THE SUPREME COURT

 consists of the Court of Appeal and the

High Court of Justice

Appeal – odvolávat se;

Political parties in the UK
today:
 The Labour Party - left wing, their program
includes many social reforms and active social
politics
 The Conservative Party – right wing, they put
more emphasis in private enterprise
 The Liberals
 Social and Liberal Democrats - left of centre
 Scottish National Party (SNP)
 Sinn Féin - the oldest political movement in
Ireland

Emphasis – důraz; Enterprise – podnikání;

 Sources:

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/
 http://www.google.com/
 http://www.schrapnel.cz/skotsko/mapaanglie.htm
 http://www.kralovstvimap.cz/katalog/velka-britanie-
londyn/7

Link label – odkaz na html stránce

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