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PCI 6th Edition - Connection Design
PCI 6th Edition - Connection Design
Connection Design
Presentation Outline
• Built-up Members
• Torsional Strength
• Beam Seats
Steel Strength Design
• Flexure
fMp = f·Fy·Zs
Where:
fMp = Flexural Design Strength
Fy = Yield Strength of Material
Zs = Plastic Section Modulus
Steel Strength Design
• Shear
fVn = f(0.6·Fy)·Aw
Where:
fVp = Shear Design Strength
Aw = Area subject to shear
Steel Strength Design
fTn = f(0.6·Fy)·a·h·t2
Where:
fTp = Torsional Design Strength
a = Torsional constant
h = Height of section
t = Thickness
Torsional Properties
• Torsional Constant, a
• Rectangular Sections
Steel Strength Design
fTn = 2·f(0.6·Fy)·Ᾱ·t
Where:
fTp = Torsional Design Strength
Ᾱ = Area enclosed by centerline of walls
t = Wall thickness
Torsional Properties
• Hollow Sections
Ᾱ = w·d
Combined Loading Stress
• Normal Stress
P Mc M
fn , ,
A I S
F x
0
TC 0
A tF y A cFy 0
At Ac
Determine Neutral Axis Location, y
Zp A t H y t y c
Determine Centroid Locations
• Tension
y 0.281
yt 0.14 in
2 2
• Compression __
yc
Ay
0.683 in
A
Calculate Zp
Zp A t H y t y c
Z 4 y H y y
p t c
• Stiffened Bearing
– Triangular
– Non-Triangular
Triangular Stiffeners
• Design Strength
fVn=f·Fy·z·b·t
Where:
fVn = Stiffener design
strength
f = Strength reduction
factor = 0.9
b = Stiffener projection
t = Stiffener thickness
z = Stiffener shape factor
Stiffener Shape Factor
b
0.75 2.0
a
2 3
b b b
z 1.39 2.2 1.27 0.25
a a a
Thickness Limitation
b 250
t Fy
Triangular Stiffener Example
Given:
A stiffened seat connection
shown at right. Stiffener
thickness, ts = 3/8 in.
Fy = 36 ksi
Problem:
Determine the design shear
resistance of the stiffener.
Shape Factor
b 8
0.8 0.75 and 1.0
a 10
2 3
b b b
z 1.39 2.2 1.27 0.25
a a a
0.25 0.8
2 3
z 1.39 2.2 0.8 1.27 0.8
z 0.315
Thickness Limitation
b 250
t Fy
8 250
21.3 41.7
0.375 36
21.3 41.7
Design Strength
fVn f Fy z b t
fVn 0.9 36 ksi 0.315 8 in 0.375 in
fVn 28.9 kips
Weld Analysis
• Elastic Procedure
• Limit State (LRFD) Design
introduced
• Comparison of in-plane “C” shape
– Elastic Vector Method - EVM
– Instantaneous Center Method – ICM
Elastic Vector Method – (EVM)
fr fx 2 fy 2 fz2
Elastic Vector Method – (EVM)
a
Aw lw
Where: 2
a = Weld Size
lw = Total length of weld
Instantaneous Center Method (ICM)
• Increased capacity
– More weld regions achieve ultimate strength
– Utilizes element vs. load orientation
• General solution form is a nonlinear integral
• Solution techniques
– Discrete Element Method
– Tabular Method
ICM Nominal Strength
Rn
j
f g h
Strength, f
f 0.6 FEXX A w
3
g 1.0 0.5 sin 2
Deformation Compatibility, h
0.3
r r
u u
rcritical rcritical
h 1.9 0.9
a
0.32 0.32
0.209 2 a 0.209 2
0.64
u 1.087 6 a 0.17a
Element Force
3
R n 0.6FEXX A w 1.0 0.5 sin 2
j
0.3
r r
u
rcritical u
rcritical
1.9 0.9
a
0.32 0.32
0.209 2 a 0.209 2
Where: r and are functions of the unknown location of
the instantaneous center, x and y
Equations of Statics
Number of
Elements
F
y
0 R n Pn 0
yj
j1
Number of
Elements
M
IC
0 R n rj Pn e r0 0
j
j1
Tabulated Solution
Where:
D = number of 16ths of weld size
C = tabulated value, includes f
C1 = electrode strength factor
l = weld length
Comparison of Methods
• Page 6-47:
Corbel Design
1 a h
Eq. A As Vu Nu
ffy d d
1 2Vu
Eq. B A s Nu
ffy 3 e
• Shear Steel
A h 0.5 A s A n
• Steel distribution is
within 2/3 of d
Cantilever Beam Method Steps
f 0.75
Strut – Tie Analysis Steps
Method of Joints or
Method of Sections
Strut – Tie Analysis Steps
Fnt
As
ffy
f 0.75
Strut – Tie Analysis Steps
where:
βn = 1.0 in nodal zones bounded
by structure or bearing areas
= 0.8 in nodal zones
anchoring one tie
= 0.6 in nodal zones
anchoring two or more ties
Strut – Tie Analysis Steps
fFns = f·fcu·Ac
where:
f = 0.75
Ac = width of corbel
× width of strut
Strut – Tie Analysis Steps Compression
Strut Strength
Given:
Vu = 80 kips
Nu = 15 kips
fy = Grade 60
f′c = 5000 psi
Bearing area – 12 x 6 in.
Problem:
Find corbel depth and reinforcement based on Cantilever
Beam and Strut – Tie methods
Step 1CBM – Cantilever Beam Method (CBM)
h = 14 in
d = 13 in.
a = ¾ lp = 6 in.
2
Vumax 1000 l A
196 kips 80 kips
1000 12 14 14
cr
1000
Step 2CBM – Tension Steel
• Cantilever Action
1 a h 1 6 14
As Vu Nu 80 15
ffy d
d .75 60 13 13
1.18 in2
Step 3CBM – Effective Shear Friction Coefficient
e
1000 l b h 1000 1 14 14 1.4
Vu 80
3.43 3.4
Use e 3.4
Step 4CBM – Tension Steel
• Shear Friction
As
1 2Vu
N
1 2 80
15
ffy 3 e u
0.75 60 3 3.4
0.68 in2
Step 5CBM – As minimum
f`c
A s,min 0.4 b d
ffy
0.4 14 13
5
60
0.61 in2
As = 1.18 in2
Step 6CBM – Shear Steel
15
A h 0.5 A s A n 0.5 1.18
0.75 60
0.42 in
Find ws
Determine compressive force,
Nc, at Node ‘p’:
∑Mm = 0
Vu·l1+Nu·d – Nc·l2=0 [Eq. 1]
Fnt 62
As
ffy
0.75 60
1.52in2
Fns = fcu·Ac
Where:
Ac = width of corbel × width of strut
Step 6ST – Strut Width
ws 4.9
Strut Width o
sin(54.4 ) sin(54.4 o )
6.03 in
Step 6ST – Compression Strut Strength
fcu 0.85 0.6 1 5 2.55 ksi
fFns f fcu Ac 0.75 2.55 14 6.03 161.5 kips
• Concrete Capacity
0.85 f`c b l e
Vc
1 3.6e
le
Concrete and Rebar Nominal Design Strengths
• Reinforced Concrete
fVn f Vc VR
f 0.75
Steel Section Nominal Design Strengths
Where:
b = effective width on embed, 250 % x Actual
f = 0.9
Steel Section Nominal Design Strengths
• Shear
fVs f 0.6fy h t
where:
h, t = depth and thickness of steel web
f = 0.9
Anchor Bolt Design
No = Cbs·AN·Ccrb·Yed,N
Where:
Ccrb = Cracked concrete factor,
1 uncracked, 0.8 Cracked
AN = Projected surface area for a stud or group
Yed,N =Modification for edge distance
Cbs = Breakout strength coefficient
f 'c
Cbs 2.22 l
3 hef
Hooked Anchor Bolts
No = 126·f`c·eh·do·Ccrp
Where:
eh = hook projection ≥ 3do
do = bolt diameter
Ccrp = cracking factor (Section 6.5.4.1)
Column Base Plate Design
• Examples Based
– Applied Loads
– Component Capacity
• Design of all components
– Embeds
– Erection Material
– Welds
• Design for specific load paths
Completed Connection Examples
• Wall Tension