DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

FLORES, ALBERT ANDREW S.

CE52FB1
 TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTING

Used to carry two columns of unequal loads when distance

outside the column of the heaviest load is limited. trapezoidal
footing is used in such a way that the center of gravity of the
footing lies under the resultant of the loads
 DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Select a trial footing depth.

2. Establish the required base area of the footing.
- Uniform soil pressure is achieved by making the resultant of the service
column loads coincide with the centroid of the footing base
3. Evaluate the net factored soil pressure.
4. Check footing thickness for punching shear.
5. Draw S.F.D and B.M.D for footing
- The shear force and bending moment diagrams for the footing are to be
drawn, considering the footing as an inverted beam subjected to distributed load.
Column loads may be considered as concentrated loads to simplify the analysis.
 DESIGN PROCEDURE

6. Check footing thickness for beam shear.

7. Compute the area of flexural reinforcement
8. Check bearing strength of column and footing concrete.
9. Check for anchorage of the reinforcement.
10. Prepare neat design drawings showing footing dimensions and provided
reinforcement
 STRAP FOOTING

This is a special type of footing used for two columns. The two
columns are provided by two separate footings connected by a rigid
beam called “strap beam”. The footing areas are proportioned in such
away to keep the pressure under the two footings uniform and equal
and for the centroid of the combined footing areas to coincide with
the resultant of the two column loads. It is assumed that the strap
beam is rigid and does not transfer any load by bearing on the soil at
its bottom contact surface.
 DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Select trial footing depths.

2. Proportion footing dimensions.
3. Evaluate factored net soil pressure under the footings.
4. Design column footings for beam shear and moment.
5. Design the strap beam for moment and shear.
6. Check bearing strength of column and footing concrete.
7. Check chosen reinforcement bars for anchorage.
8. Prepare detailed design drawings.
 MAT (RAFT) FOUNDATION

If the loads transmitted by the columns in a structure are so

heavy or the allowable soil pressure so small that individual
footings would cover more than about one-half of the area, it
may be better to provide a continuous footing under all columns
and walls. Such a footing is called a raft or mat foundation
 TYPES OF RAFT FOUNDATION

1. Flat slab types

2. Flat slab thickened under columns.
3. Flat slab thickened under columns with heavy loads.
4. Beam-slab type raft.
5. Box structures
 USES OF RAFT FOUNDATIONS

1. Low soil bearing capacity

2. Spread footing cover about 70% of structure area
3. High structure loads
4. For structures like chimneys, silos, tanks, and large machines
5. Structures and equipment sensitive to differential settlement
6. Soft pockets or cavities of in the Soil to unknown extent raft
7. Watertight construction under basements below ground water
table
8. Highly compressible soil and extents to a great depth
 DESIGN PROCEDURE (CONVENTIONAL METHOD)
1. Strips
2. Calculate eccentricity
3. Calculate pressure distribution on the soil at different locations under
the raft
4. Divide the raft into a series of continuous beams centered at column
rows .
5. Draw the bending moment, shear force diagrams for each beam in x, y
direction.
6. Depth of the beam raft, check the shear stress. Note that the Raft depth
should constant.
7. Design the raft in the other direction knowing the depth.