SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATI INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT :- ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

SUBJECT CODE :- 2160601

TOPIC :- EXCIVATING EQUIPMENT

PREPARED BY:

 140760106014 Chavadhari Suraj

 160760106005 Bataliwala yash
 160760106006 Bhadani Harshit
 160760106024 Diyora Keval
 160760106058 Moradiya Dharmik

GUIDED BY
PROF. SWATI A. PAREKH
CIVIL DEPARTMENT
SSASIT, SURAT
EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
 Power Showel
 Drag Line
 Hoes
 Clam Shell
 Trenching Machines
 Tractors
 Bull dozer
 Rippers
 Scrapers
 POWER SHOWEL
 To excavate the earth and to load the trucks
capable of excavating all types of earth expect
hard rock
Size varies from 0.5𝑚3 to 5𝑚3 .
APPLICATION
For Excavation above its own track or wheel level
For cutting and for loading
Suitable for heavy positive cutting in all types of dry soil.

Old New
 BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION

Hoist Line

Boom Axis Of Rotation

Bucket
Cab

Crowler
Mounting
TYPES OF POWER SHOWEL

 Crawler mounted.  Wheel mounted.

• Low travel speed.On soft High speed.On hard ground.
ground
FACTOR AFFECTING OF OUTPUT OF POWER SHOVEL

 Class of material
 Depth of cutting
 Angle of swing
 Job condition
 Management condition
 Size of hauling units
 Skill of the operator
 Physical condition of the shovel
 DRAG LINE
 The drag line is so name because
of its prominent operation of
dragging the bucket against the
material to be dug.
 Unlike the shovel, it has a long
light crane boom and the boom
through cables.
 Because of this construction, a
dragline can dig and dump over
larger distances than a shovel can
do.
 Drag lines are useful for digging
below its track level and handling
softer materials.
 Hoisting Cable
Hoist Cable

Crane Boom
Gantry

Hoist
Chain
Drag Cable Cab

Drag Line
Crawler Mounting
Bucket
 TYPES OF DRAGLINES
 Crawler mounted
- Low travel speed, soft ground, large
projects
 Wheel mounted
- high travel speed, firm ground &
scattered job
 Truck mounted
- high travel speed, firm ground &
scattered jobs
 Walking draglines
Advantages :-
 Can work from the ground surface while shovel has to be
taken into the pit.
 Hauling equipments need not to go in the pit.
 Excavated material disposed in one operation.
 High range than shovel.

Disadvantages :-
 Less digging force.
 As the boom length increases the bucket size must
be decreased.
 Output is less than shovel.
 FACTORS AFFECTING OUTPUT
 Size and type of bucket (0.38 to 3.06 𝑚 3 )
Light bucket – loose, dry.
Medium – clays, compacted gravel.
Heavy – hard materials
 Length of crane boom (50,60 and 70 ft
 Type of material
 Angle of swing
 Depth of cut
 Working conditions, maintainance
 Size of hauling unit
 Operator skill
 BACK HOE
 Also known as hoe, back shovel and pull
shovel
 It is used to excavate below the natural
surface on which it rests.
 Generally used to excavate trenches, pits
for basements and also for grading
works, which requires precise control of
depths.
 The basic parts are boom, Jack boom,
Boom foot drum, Boom sheave, Stick
sheave, Stick, Bucket and Bucket sheave
 BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION
Bucket
Cylinder
Stick
Cylinder Cab

Dipper Boom
Stick Cylinder

Bucket
(dipper)
Boom
 APPLICATION

Though not efficient as shovel.

Most suitable for digging below the machine level.
Levelling and loading.
Used to trim the surface.
 POINTS FOR SELECTION OF HOE

Maximum Excavation depth.

Maximum Working radius.
Maximum dumping height.
Hoisting capability.
Advantages :-
 Hoe exert greater tooth pressure
than shovel due to direct pull.
 Due to rigidity superior than draglines.
 Superior to trenching machines when the side
banks are allowed to have natural slope.

Disadvantages :-
 Not efficient as shovels.
 Slow in working when dumping in
hauling machines.
 Liable to fall.
 CLAM SHELL
The name the machine is
derived from the shape of
its bucket.
The shape of bucket is that
of the shell hinged at the
top which can be closed
and opened in two parts.
Selection depends largely
on the requirement of the
job.
 TRENCHING MACHINES

Excavate all type of soils except rocks.

Mostly crawler mounted.
 APPLICATIONS
 Excavating trenches for water,oil,gas
 pipes, sewers & telephone cable .
 Deepening of existing drainages.
 Used where control on depth and width is required.
 Fast digging.
 Reduces the cost of hand finishing.
 TYPES OF TRENCHING MACHINES
1. Wheel Type :

 Consists of power driven wheel

mounted with number of removable
buckets with teeth.
 They can cut trench of width upto 30 to
150 cm.
 Maximum cutting depth 2.5 – 3 m.
 Have greater digging speeds.
 For narrow trench in firm soil this type
is suitable.
2. LADDER TYPE :-

 Consists of two endless chains which

travel along the boom and the buckets
equipped with teeth are attached
 Sometimes side cutters are attach to
increase the width of the trench.
 The Conveyer belt disposes the
excavated soil on the either side
 Maximum cutting edge upto 360mm
 Maximum cutting edge depth 9.0 to
10.0m
 Digging speed is 30 m or more.
3. Vertical boom type :-
 Modified of ladder type.
 Trench width ranges from 40 to 70 cm.
 TRACTORS
Tractors may be classified as
a. Crawler type tractor :-

• Used to move bull dozers, scrapers. The crawler has a

chain by which these tractors can be very effective
even in the case of loose or muddy soils. The speed
of this type dose not exceed 12 kmph normally.
b. Wheel type tractor :-

• The engine is mounted on four wheels. The main

advantage is higher speed, sometimes exceeding
50 kmph it is used for long-distance hauling and
good roads.
 BULL DOZER
The heavy blade attached to the tractor pushes the material from one place
to another.
The tractor can be of the crawler or the wheeled type.
 CLASSIFICATION OF BULL DOZER
1. Position of blades
a) Bull dozers in which the blade perpendicular to the direction
of movement
b)Angle dozers in which the blade is set at an angle with the direction of
movement
2. Based on mountings
a) Wheel mounted
b) Crawler mounted
3. Based on the control
a) Cable controlled
b) Hydraulically controlled
 APPLICATION
• Bull dozers are mainly used for the following operations
1. For spreading the earth fill
2. For opening up pilot roads through mountainous and rocky terrains.
3. Clearing construction sites.
4. Maintaining haul roads
5. Clearing land from the trees and stumps
6. back-filling trenches at construction sites by dragging the earth from
one place to another
 SCRAPERS
 Unique machine for digging
and long-distance hauling
of plough able materials.
 self-operating machine
 It is not dependent on other
equipment.
 Wheels of machine cause some
compaction.
 The basic parts of scrapers are the
bowl, apron and tail gate or
ejector.