Mud system and mud

handling equipment

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Mud (Drilling fluid) is as important to
Well as Blood is to Human body

Mud is Blood of the Well. Mud Engineer

is Physician cum Pathologist of the Well

Merely having Blood/ Mud is not sufficient,

it is to be circulated at required
parameters to sustain Healthy Body/ Well
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 FUNCTIONS
• Transport drilled cuttings to the surface
• Suspend drilled cuttings when circulation
is stopped
• Control subsurface pressure
• Cool and lubricate bit and drill string
• Support the walls of the well bore
• Help suspend the weight of the drill string
and casing
• Deliver hydraulic energy upon the
formation beneath bit and
• Provide suitable medium for wire line
logs
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 FUNCTIONS

• Complication Free Drilling

• Prevention of Formation
Damage

• Environment Friendly
Systems
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 LC50(PERMISSIBLE VALUE IS >30,000 Mg/L):
•Clay free non damaging system: 87,000 mg/l
•KCl-PHPA system: 85,000 mg/l
•Chrome lignite-Chrome lignosulphonate (CL-
CLS) system: 91,000 mg/l
•HTHP system: 1,32,000 mg/l
•Biopolymer (TSP) system: 69,000 mg/l
•KCl-KOH-K-Lignite system: 71,000 mg/l
•Potassium formate system: 63,000 mg/l
•KCl-Polyol system: 48,000 mg/l
•Sodium formate system: 87,000 mg/l
•Low lime system: 58,000 mg/l
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 CURRENT CHALLENGE
• Loose sand
• Clay
• Shale/ Limestone
• Pay zone
• Coal- shale
• Pay zone

Due to production over the year, pay

zone pressure are depleting

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 PARAMETERS TO BE MONITORED
• Specific Gravity
• Viscosity
• Gel
• Sand
• pH
• Fluid Loss

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DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS IN USE
 For Shale Control
Conventional System
Polymer System (PHPA)
Polyol System
For Pay Zone Drilling
Non Damaging Drilling Fluid

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Courage to Explore, Knowledge to Exceed, Technology to Excel
 Chrome Lignite-Chrome
Lignosulphonate Dispersed
Mud System

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Technology
Inhibition of shale through maintaining CL-
CLS in desired ratio
Advantage
Solid tolerant
Thermally stable (~1600C)
Stabilising Borehole in conjunction with
weight
Application
Extensively used in Exploratory drilling
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Inhibitive KCl-K-Lignite-
Polyglycerol Mud System

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Technology
Enhanced Inhibition of shale through
Potassium ions and Polyglycerol
Advantage
Solid tolerant
Thermally stable (~1600C)
Stabilise Borehole with lesser SG of Mud
Application
Extensively used in Exploratory drilling
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 Low Solids Non dispersed
Polymer (PHPA) Mud System

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Technology
Better inhibition of shale through
encapsulation of cutting and coating of
borehole wall by Polymer
Advantage
Increased ROP
Borehole stability
Gauged hole
Improved hole cleaning
Further cut in SG of mud for borehole
stability
Application
Extensively used in Mumbai, Mehsana.
Ahmedabad, Cauvery, Assam, Ankleshwar
asset. Recommended for Development
drilling 16
Polyol System

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Technology
Better inhibition of shale through
manipulating clouding of Polyol at required
BHT with salt. Able to sustain differential
pressure.
Advantage
Increased ROP
Borehole stability
Improvement in lubricity
Good control over HTHP fluid loss
Complication free drilling
Application
Extensively used in Mumbai, Mehsana.
Ahmedabad, Assam, Ankleshwar asset.
Recommended for development drilling
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High performance water base
mud system based on Various
Amines derivatives

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Technology
Amines derivatives are considered as good a
shale inhibitor as Potassium chloride, hence
has the potential to replace KCl in drilling
fluid. Second generation HPWBM
Advantage
Less dose vis-s-vis KCl
Borehole stability
Complication free drilling
Status
Technology under evaluation
Application
To be implemented in Ahmedabad asset
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Low Toxicity Oil Base Mud

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Technology
Water based drilling fluid sometimes fail to
deliver. Oil base system comes to rescue. It
gives excellent well bore stability, flat
rheology profile and superior lubricity
Advantage
Increased ROP
Borehole stability
Improvement in lubricity
Good control over HTHP fluid loss
Complication free drilling
Application
Presently used in drilling 12-1/4” section in
Hi-tech wells in Mumbai
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CHROME FREE DISPERSED
DRILLING FLUIDS

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 Technology
Formulation devoid of Hexavalent Chromium
which is required as per environment
guidelines
Advantage
Environment guidelines compliance
Superior performance.
Works at half the dose than conventional CL
– CLS system.
Stable up to 160°C.
Can be weighed up to 2.20 specific gravity.
Application
Planned for implementation in onshore areas
in fresh water system 24
HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH
PRESSURE DRILLING FLUID

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Technology
To meet the requirement of HTHP conditions
where conventional water base fluid fails to
work
Advantage
Stable up to 236°C.
Can be weighed up to 2.20 specific gravity.
Can be prepared in fresh as well as salt
water
Application
Implemented in Rajamundhry asset

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Non Damaging Drilling Fluid

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Technology
It is meant to prevent pay zone damage. Non
damaging and degradable constituents are
used for its formulation. Acid degradable
Micronised Calcium Carbonate is used as
bridging material. The fluid is water based.
Advantage
Prevention of pay zone damage
Enhancement of Productivity
Application
Extensively used in Mumbai, Mehsana.
Ahmedabad, Assam, Ankleshwar asset.
Recommended for drilling pay zone of all
development wells 29
Non Damaging Drilling Fluid
based on Sodium/ Potassium
formate

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Technology
Sodium/ Potassium formate are high specific
gravity solids free fluids(SG~ 1.33 with Sod
formate and upto 1.55 with Pot. Formate)
which do not effect rheology adversely. The
salts are inhibitive in nature and sustain
temperature upto1500C.
Advantage
Prevention of pay zone damage
Enhancement of Productivity
Application
Planned for implementation in Assam,
Ahmedabad and Rajamundhry asset
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Drilling Fluids for Depleted
Reservoir
(Hollow Glass Spheres)

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Technology
It is also meant to prevent pay zone damage
where mud weight requirement is <1.0. Its
pressure rating is 4000-6000 psi, average
particle size ~50 microns, average
density~0.38 and is able to pass through
solids control equipment.
Advantage
Prevention of pay zone damage in depleted
reservoir (Pressure <1.0 MWE)
Enhancement of Productivity
Control of mud loss in depleted fields.
Application
Implemented in Western Offshore, Mumbai33
Mud Handling Equipment

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 Mud Handling Equipment
• Mud tanks
• Jet Hopper
• Mud agitators
• Mud guns
• Desander
• Desilter
• Shale shaker

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 Surface Circulating System

Treated Fluid to the well

Returns Suction
from And
the well Testing
Section

Removal Section Addition Section

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JET HOPPERS

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Shale Shaker

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Desander

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Desilter

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