DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & NURSING

FREQUENCY INDICATION CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 30 ml PO Action: 1. Give the
lactulose OD hs Produces an laxative syrup
osmotic effect in the orally with fruit
colon; resulting juice, water or
BRAND NAME: distention promotes milk to
Duphalac peristalsis. Thus increase
also decreases palatability.
blood ammonia 2. Do not
CLASSIFICATION: probably as a result administer
Laxative, of bacteria other laxative
Ammonia reducing degradation, which while using
drug decreases the pH of lactulose.
colon. 3. For laxative
use, do not
use for more
Indication: than 1 week.
For constipation 4. Report if
diarrhea
occur.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERIC NAME: 0.25 mg PO Action:Increases 1. Check for
digoxin OD intracellular calcium and allergy in
allows more calcium to digoxin
enter the the myocardial 2. Use with
cell during depolarization extreme
BRAND NAME: via a sodium-potassium caution in
Lanoxin pump mechanism; this patients with
result in increase in acute MI,
contraction (positive pulmonary
inotropic effect), increase disease, renal
CLASSIFICATION: renal perfusion (diuretic insufficiency.
Cardiac glycoside, effect, decreases AV node 3.
inotropic Monitor apical
conduction velocity and pulse for 1
providing an minute before
antiarrhythmic effect. administration.
Hold drug if
less than 60
Indication:CHFAtrial beats.
fibrillation
4. Avoid giving
with meals,
this will delay
absorption.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & NURSING
FREQUENCY INDICATION CONSIDERATIONS
GENERIC NAME: Action: 1.Administer drug 1
captopril
25 mg PO Blocks ACE from hour before meal, do
converting not take with food
BID angiotensin I to 2.Monitor BP closely.
angiotensin II, 3.Inform patient that
BRAND NAME: leading to decrease light-headedness
Capoten of BP, decreased can occur, especially
aldosterone during first few days
secretion; of therapy. Tell the
CLASSIFICATION: increasesnprostagla patient to rise slowly
ndin synthesis also to minimize the
ACE inhibitor, may be involved in
antihypertensive effect. Be alert for
the antihypertensive possible syncope, if
action. this happened stop
the medication and
call the doctor.
Indication: 4.Advice patient to

For hypertension, support signs of

CHF, treatment for infection such as
ventricular fever and sore
dysfunction after MI throat.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & NURSING
FREQUENCY INDICATION CONSIDERATIONS
GENERIC NAME: 1mg IV Action: 1.Midazolam should
midazolam ODHS Exact mechanism of only be administered
action not by a person trained
understood; acts in general
mainly at the limbic anesthesia and with
BRAND NAME: system and reticular equipment for
Dormicum formation, maintaining airway
potentiates the and resuscitation.
effect of GABA, an 2.Tell the patient that

CLASSIFICATION: inhibitory the drug has an

neurotransmitter. amnesiac effect and
Benzodiazepine he will not be able to
(short-acting) Indication:
Preoperative remember what will
CNS depressant happen.
sedation, induction
of several 3.Instruct client to
anesthesia drink medicine with
grapefruit juice for
better absorption.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & NURSING
FREQUENCY INDICATION CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 25% IV q8 Action: 1.Monitor BP, stop

albumin Normal blood infusion if
protein; maintainshypotension occurs.
plasma osmotic 2.Watch for
pressure and is hemorrhage or
BRAND NAME: important inshock after surgery.
Buminate 25% maintaining normal 3.Watch for signs of
blood volume. vascular overload
(heart failure)
CLASSIFICATION: Indication: 4.Report if
Blood product HypoproteinuriaCard headache, nausea,
Plasma protein iopulmonary bypass: vomiting, DOB,
preoperative backpain occurs.
dilution.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION
FREQUENCY
GENERIC NAME: 40 mg PO Action:
esomeprazole OD Gastric acid pump
inhibitor. Suppreses
gastric acid secretion by
specific inhibition of the
BRAND NAME: hydrogen-potassium
nexium ATPase enzyme system
at the secretory surface
of the gastric parietal
CLASSIFICATION: cells; blocks the final step
of acid production.
Antisecretory drug
Proton pump
inhibitor Indication:
Reduction in occurrence
of gastric ulcers as
associated with
continuous NSAID;
GERD, treatment of
heartburn and other
related symptoms.
NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS
1.Administer drug 1
hour before meal.
2.Instruct client not to
chew the capsule. If
the patient has
difficulty of swallowing,
the capsule may be
open to mixed in tap
water, orange or apple
juice or yogurt.
3.Report if severe
headache, worsening
of symptoms, fever,
chills, darkening of
skin, changes in urine
or stool color occur.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 10 mg IV Action: 1.Monitor PT or INR to

vitamin K q8 Antihemorrhagic factor determine dosage
that promotes hepatic effectiveness.
formation of active 2.Watch for flushing,
coagulation factor. weakness,
BRAND NAME: tachycardia, and
Konakion hypotension; condition
may progress to
Indication: shock.
hypothrombinemia 3.Instruct client to eat
CLASSIFICATION:
vitamin food containing
vitamin K like
cabbage, fish, liver,
egg.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 1 g IV Action: 1.Obtain sensitivity

Vancomycin OD test before giving first
Bacteriacidal: inhibits dose.
cell wall synthesis for 2.Obtain hearing and
susceptible organisms, renal function studies
BRAND NAME: causing cell death., before therapy.
Vancocin 3.Also monitor for
signs of
superinfection.
Indication:
CLASSIFICATION: 1.Severe staphylococci 4.Do not administer
Antibiotic infections in patients drug I.M
who cannot receive of 5.Monitor patient
have failed to respond to carefully for red-man
penicillins and syndrome.
cephalosporins. 6.Advise patient to eat
frequent small meal to
2. Prevention of prevent nausea.
bacterial endocarditis in 7.Instruct patient to
penicillin-allergic patients report tingling
undergoing invasive sensation, difficulty in
procedure. voiding, rash, flushing
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERIC NAME: 1 g IVq12 Action: 1.Checksensitivity test
meropenem Bacteriacidal: inhibits before giving the drug.
cell wall synthesis and 2.Monitor for
causes cell death. superinfection.
3.This drug can only
BRAND NAME:
be given via I.V
Merrem IV
Indication: 4.Seizures and CNS

1.Susceptible intra-
depression may be
abdominal infections caused by
CLASSIFICATION: caused by viridans group meropenem therapy in
antibiotic streptococci. patients with
compromised renal
2.Treatment of
function, CNS
complicated skin and depression.
skin structure.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION
FREQUENCY
GENERIC NAME: 25 mg IV Action:
diphenhydramine STAT Competes with
hydrochloride histaminefor H1- receptor
sites on the effector cells.
Structurally related to local
anesthetics,
BRAND NAME:
diphenhydramine provide
Hizon local anesthesia by
preventing initiation and
transmission of nerve
CLASSIFICATION impulses. Also suppresses
Anthistamine cough reflex by direct
effect on the medulla.
Sedative-hypnotic
Cough suppressant
Anti-motion
sickness drug Indication:
antiparkinsonian Rhinitis, allergy
symptoms, motion
sickness, Parkinson
disease, sedation, nigh
time sleeps aid, non-
productive cough.
NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS
1.Administer drug slowly
because it can cause
tissue irritation
2.Use with extreme caution
in patients with CV disease
and hypertension because
diphenhydramine can
cause palpitation,
tachycardia and
hypotension.
3.Inform client the possible
effect he/she may
experience such as
dizziness, nausea, nausea
and other related effects.
4.Inform the patient that ice
chips and sugarless gum
can relieve dry mouth if
present.
5.Instruct patient to report
difficulty of breathing,
hallucinations, loss of
coordination, unusual
bleeding or bruising, and
irregular heart beats occur.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 50 mg IV Action: 1.Assess for sensitivity

tramadol q8 Binds to mu-opioid to tramadol
receptors and inhibits 2.Reassess patient’s
the reuptake of level of pain 30
norepinephrine and minutes after
BRAND NAME: serotonin. administration of of
Tramal drug.
3.Monitor heart rate

Indication: and respiratory status.

CLASSIFICATION: Withhold the drug and
Relieve of moderate to notify the doctor if RR
analgesic moderately severe pain is less then 12 breaths
per minute.
4.Caution ambulatory
patient to rise slowly
and be careful when
walking.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 100 mg 1ml Action: 1.Use plastic, glass,

acetylcysteine inhq12 Mucolytic activity; splits stainless steel, or
links in to mucoproteins other non reactive
contained in respiratory metal when giving by
mucus secretions, nebulization.
BRAND NAME: decreasing the viscosity 2.Monitor cough type
Fluimucil of the mucus. and frequency
3.Inform the patient
that nebulization may
CLASSIFICATION: Indication: produce an initial
Mucolytic disagreeable odor, but
Mucolytic adjuvant the odor will soon
therapy for abnormal disappear.
viscid, or inspissated
4.Monitor nebulizer for
mucus secretions in
bronchopulmonary build up of drug
disease. evaporation.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION
FREQUENCY
GENERIC NAME: 80 mg PO Action:
simvastatin ODHS Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase,
the enzyme that catalyzes
the first step in cholesterol
synthesis pathway, resulting
BRAND NAME: in a decreases in serum
Zocor cholesterol, serum LDLs,
and either an increase or no
change in serum HDLs
CLASSIFICATION:
Antihyperlipidemic
Indication:
HMG-CoA inhibitor
Adjunct to the diet in the
treatment of elevated total
cholesterol and LDL
cholesterol with primary
hypercholesterolemia. To
reduce risk of
cardiovascular events,
including stroke, MI, and
reduction in need for bypass
surgery and angioplasty of
patients with coronary heart
disease and
hypercholesterolemia
NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS
1.Ensure that the patient
has tried a cholesterol
lowering diet regimen for
3-6 months before
starting the therapy.
2.Give in the evening;
highest rates of
cholesterol synthesis are
between midnight and 5
a.m.
3.Inform the patient the
possible side effects that
may occur: nausea,
headache.
4.Instruct the patient to
eat frequent small
feeding to prevent
nausea.
5.Instruct the patient to
inform health care
provider if severe GI
upset, vision changes,
unusual bleeding or
bruising, dark urin or light
colored stools, fever or
soreness occurs.
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 200 mg PO Action: 1.Continuous monitoring of

amiodarone Acts directly on cardiac cell cardiac rhythm.
TID membrane; prolongs
2.Give drugs with meals to
repolarization and refractory
period; increases ventricular decrease GI problem
fibrillation threshold; act on 3.Administer drugs exactly
BRAND NAME: peripheral smooth muscle to as prescribed.
Cordarone decrease peripheral resistance.
4.Inform the patient about
the possible side effect like
Indication:
dizziness, drowsiness,
1.Life-threatening recurrent
CLASSIFICATION: ventricular fibrillation or recurrent
weakness, blurred vision.
Antiarrhythmic hemodynamically unstable 5.Inform patient to report
Adrenergic blocker ventricular tachycardia dry mouth, difficulty in
unresponsive to adequate doses urination and excessive
of antiarrhythmic or when
radation
alternative drugs can’t be
tolerated.
2.Cardiac arrest, pulseless
ventricular tachycardia or
ventricular fibrillation
3.Supraventricular tachycardia
4.Ventricular and supraventricular
arrhythmia
5.Acute management of atrial
fibrillation
6.Heart failure (impaired left
ventricular ejection fraction,
ventricular arrhythmia)
 DRUG DOSAGE & ACTION & INDICATION NURSING
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERIC NAME: 0.4 ml SQq12 Action: 1.Administer drug via

enoxaparin Low-molecular weight deep subcutaneous,
heparin that inhibits do not administer drug
thrombus and clot via I.M
formation by blocking 2.Apply pressure to
BRAND NAME: factor Xa, factor IIa, the injection site,
Lovenox preventing the formation inform patient that
of clots. hematoma might
occur.
CLASSIFICATION: 3.Check patient for

Low-molecular Indication: signs of bleeding

weight heparin, 4.Instruct patient to
Prevention of ischemic
antithrombotic complication of unstable inform health care
angina and non- Q wave provider if he/she is
MI experiencing nose
bleed, unusual
bruising, severe
headache, black stool
and cloudy or dark
urine.