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Chemistry IGCSE Revision
Chemistry IGCSE Revision
Use
Water
Oxygen
Bonding
(diagram)
Methane (CH4)
Complete the sentences with the following words. (some are red herrings!) Ionic element Isotopes
sodium electron covalent chlorine chlorine sodium Na+ • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
Na- Cl+ compoundCl- the same/different numbers of protons.
Sodium chloride NaCl is a ____________. There are __________ bonds between the two Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
the same/ different numbers of electrons.
elements _________ and _________. When these atoms bond one ____________ from the
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
___________ atom is donated to the _____________ atom. This results in 2 ions : _______ and
the same/ different numbers of neutrons.
_______.
ion Lost/ Number of
Complete the gained? electrons
electron Complete the
Mg 2+ lost 2
arrangement electron
of a boron arrangement Cl -
atom of a boron Li +
ion
O 2-
Fe 3+
Label
Periodic Table y10 Nucleon number and Proton number (LHS)
Protons neutrons Electrons (RHS)
Subatomic Mass Charge
particle
+1
-1
0
Halogens
Transition Give two examples of halogens
metals
Alkali Metals ______________________________________
What do they look like? Describe what they look like
What are their physical
______________________________________ properties? _______________________________________
_________________________ Why does reactivity decrease down the group?
Why are they stored under oil?
_________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
Why does reactivity increase down the group? What are their chemical _____________________________________
properties?
_______________________________________
_________________________
_______________________________________ _________________________
Write the equation for sodium with water
produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen What are their uses?
______________________________________ _________________________
_________________________
Define Rate of Reaction
Rates of Reaction y10 ____________________________________
What FOUR things cause a reaction to increase? ___
Explain using particle theory! Two reasons a reaction stops?
____________________________________
1. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________ ______
What 2 things need to occur for a reaction to happen
3. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Draw the apparatus to investigate the rate of reaction ______
2 pros
2 cons
Increasing Pressure
Increasing Concentration Increasing temperature
This reaction takes place in the blast furnace:
REDOX y10 Rules
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO ( g) 2Fe (l) + 3CO2( g)
Oxidation state of an
element is 0 The word equation for the reaction is:
Ionic compounds ……………………………………………………………………………………………
oxidation state is its It is a redox reaction, because
charge
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Hydrogen = +1
OILRIG stands for The reducing agent in this reaction is ………………………………....
Oxygen = -2
O_________ I__ L_______ o __ e_________
Oxidation states in a
R__________ I__ G_______ o__ e_________ compound = 0 Which is being oxidised and which is being reduced?
Work out the oxidation states : What is the oxidation state of:
2Mg + O2 2MgO a) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Cu in CuO ___________
Mg = ______
O = _____ Cu in Cu2O ___________ b) 2CO + O2 → 2 CO2
MgO ______ Fe in FeCl2 ___________
Has the Mg been oxidised/reduced? c) 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
Has the O been oxidised/reduced? Fe in FeCl3 ___________
d) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
Electrolysis y10 Chemical Uses
What is a conductor?
____________________________ Sodium
What is an insulator? chloride
___________________________
Why are the only solids that conduct are metals Chlorine
and graphite
___________________________________
____________________________________________ Hydrogen
Electrolysis
____
Define
Why do electrolysis _______________________
ionic substances only conduct when
______________________________________
molten/dissolved Sodium
4 uses of electrolysis _____________________ hydroxide
______________________________________
RULES FOR ELECTROLYSIS
At cathode (-), either a metal/hydrogen forms Electrolysis of Brine
• If a metal is more reactive than hydrogen its ions stay in
Ionic equation at cathode
solution and hydrogen bubbles off
• If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen the metal forms. ___________________________
Ionic equation at anode
At anode (+) a non-metal other than hydrogen
___________________________
forms.
• If it is a concentrated solution of a halide then halogens
form. Test for chlorine
• If the halide solution is dilute /no halide oxygen forms. _______________
What mass of iodine is produced when 7.1 g of chlorine Solution B : 125g in 0.5dm3, which is 250g in 1dm3 =1 moles/dm3 = 1M
reacts with excess potassium iodide? Q5 What is the concentration of a solution containing.
Cl2 + 2 KI 2 KCl + I2 a) 4 moles in 2 dm3 of solution
b) 0.3 moles in 200cm3 of solution
For each of the following compounds the Mr and the empirical formula is Q6 The Mr of sodium hydroxide is 40. How many grams of sodium
shown. Work out the molecular formula of each compound. hydroxide are in
a) 500cm3 of a molar solution
1. empirical formula = CH3 Mr = 30 b) 25cm3 of a 0.5M solution
2. empirical formula = NH3 Mr = 17
3. empirical formula = CH2 Mr = 98
4. empirical formula = CH Mr = 78
Calculate the percentage of the elements shown in the following compounds:
C in CO N in (NH4)2SO4
O in Al(OH)3 O in Na2CO3.10H2O
Behaviour of Metals y10
Where are metals found in the periodic table? __________________
_______________________________________________________
Rusting
What 2 conditions are needed for rusting? _______________________
Haber Process
What does the Haber process make? ______________________
What is the equation ? __________________________________
Combustion
What is combustion? ________________________________________
Equation for Complete Combustion
________________________________________________________
Equation for Incomplete Combustion
Two ways to make alcohol ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ Fractional Distillation
The crude oil enters the column at the _________ where it is extremely
________. Here the different fractions _________ and evaporates. The higher
they rise the _________ they become. When they _________ enough they
will turn back to _________. The fractions can be collected at the __________
of the column. Fractions with ___________ boiling points are found at the
bottom. Ones with _________ boiling points are found at the top.
Polymers Y11 Match up the following
5 uses of plastics
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
______________________
5 properties of plastics
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
_____________________
Bubble through
limewater
Complete the equation for a neutralisation reaction:
Oxygen Acid+ Alkali ________ + _________
Lilac zinc
Colourless precipitate
Iodide (I–)
Oxygen
Hydrogen