Shroff S.

R Rotary institute of chemical technology

Department of Chemical Engineering

Subject:- Process Engineering and design

Semester:- 6

Branch:- Chemical Engineering

ALA Topic:- Thermosyphon reboiler and Vaporizer

Presented by:- Jadav Harsh Hitendra Enrollment no:- 160990105013

Jadhav Ishwar Enrollment no:- 160990105014

Guided by :- Om Prakash sir

Academic Year (2018-2019)

4/5/2019 Chemical engineering thermodynamics 1
( 2140502
 OVERVIEW

 INTRODUCTION TO REBOILER.

 INTRODUCTION THERMOSYPHON REBOILERS.

 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 TYPES OF REBOILER.

 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 CONCLUSION.

 REFERENCE.
 What is Reboiler and vaporizer?
• Reboiler are use with Distillation columns
• In reboiler part of the liquid get vaporized
• While in the Vaporizer entire liquid in feed
get Vaporized.
• Design correlation of reboiler and vaporizer
are same.
 1. INTRODUCTION TO REBOILER

 The transfer of heat to and from process fluids is an essential part of most chemical process.
 Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial
distillation columns.

 They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are
returned to the column to drive the distillation separation.
 The heat supplied to the column by the reboiler at the bottom of the column is removed by
the condenser at the top of the column.

 Well a boiler is an equipment used to convert liquid into high pressure vapor. It is familiarly
known as the famous equipment "steam boiler", that produce steam from water.

 However, a reboiler does the same operation, due to its involvement in the continuous
process of boiling the recycling liquid stream in its shell side. The name was given by the
reason for boiling the same liquid again and again.
 Types of Reboiler:
The most critical element of reboiler design is the selection of the proper type of reboiler for a specific service. Most
reboilers are of the shell and tube heat exchanger type and normally steam is used as the heat source in such reboilers.
However, other heat transfer fluids like hot oil may be used. Fuel-fired furnaces may also be used as reboilers in some
cases.

Commonly used heat exchanger type reboilers are

1. Kettle Reboilers.

2. Thermosiphon Reboilers.

3. Fired Heaters.

4. Forced Circulation type.

5. Internal Reboilers.
 Thermosyphon Reboiler
• It work on the theory of thermosyphon or natural circulation.
 2. INTRODUCTION THERMOSYPHON REBOILERS

 Thermosyphon reboilers play a wide role in the chemical industry.

 low maintenance design .

 It has two endearing qualities, mechanical simplicity & attractive high fluxes.

 Application in petroleum & chemical industries.

 In the Thermosyphon reboilers no need of pump to transport the Process
liquid.

 Its work on natural circulation.

 Natural circulation is obtained by using the density difference between.

 They are characterized by high heat transfer rates and low fouling tendencies.

 This type of reboiler having the low operating and maintenance cost.

* IOCL, Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler.

 Thermosyphon reboilers are majorly used in petroleum refining, petrochemical and chemical
industries.

 95% of the reboilers in petroleum industries are horizontal type.

 70% are vertical type in petrochemical industries and in chemical while nearly.

 100% are vertical type in chemical industries.

 There are mainly two types of Thermosyphon Reboilers.

• Vertical Thermosyphon Reboilers.

• Horizontal Thermosyphon Reboilers.
 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THERMOSYPHON REBOILER

 Thermosyphon reboilers is basically a shell and tube heat exchanger.

 No requiring pumps to pump the vapor into the column back.

 These reboilers work on a simple principle based on difference of

densities of liquid and vapor.

 Recirculation of these systems is driven by the density difference

between the outlet and inlet line.
 4. VERTICAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 Of all reboiler types, vertical thermosiphon reboilers are most widely used in
chemical industry.

 They are characterized by high heat transfer rate and low fouling tendencies

 The liquids have short RTD.

 Minimizes the risk of thermal degradation.

 This reboiler type is very reliable, lower operating costs. It is an shell & tube
heat exchanger type having shell with vertical tube bundle.

 Vertical thermosyphon reboilers are usually attached directly to distillation

columns.

 70% are vertical type in petrochemical industries and in chemical while nearly *Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler, CDU-UNIT,
Exxon Mobil.
100% are vertical type in chemical industries.
 5. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF VERTICALTHERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 The liquid passes from the bottom of the tower into the reboiler,
with the evaporation taking place inside the tubes.

 The heating fluid (typically condensing steam) is on the outside of

the tubes.

 The boiling liquid usually flows through the tubes as shown, but
shell-side boiling may be used in special situations, e.g., with a
corrosive heating medium.

 The vertical thermosyphon reboiler is less susceptible to fouling

problems.

 it has higher heat transfer coefficients.

* NPTEL, Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler, Reboiler Section.
Setup of Vertical Thermosyphon
reboiler.
A. Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler.

B. Forced Circulation Vertical

Thermosyphon Reboiler.
C. Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler with
Fixed Liquid Head.

D. Once-Through Vertical Thermosyphon

Reboiler.

E. Once -Through Naturally Forced Vertical

Thermosyphon Reboiler.
*J. S. Stephan Arneth, "Characteristics of Thermosiphon Reboilers”.
 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
• Vertical thermosyphon reboilers do not required • These reboiler have reliability issues.
Pump. • cannot be used where a large surface area is

• The main advantage of this reboiler is low fouling needed.

factor. • The performance tends to be poor under deep

• It has low maintenance costs. vacuum conditions.

• It required low less space and piping. • The performance tends to be poor near critical
conditions, where the liquid and vapor have
• It has high heat transfer rates, thus less powered is
similar densities, thus giving little driving force
used during distillation process.
for the recirculation.
• The exchanger is cheap.

• Low plot area is required.

• High circulation can be achieved, leading to high
heat transfer coefficient and reduced fouling.
 6. HORIZONTAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 This is a very common type of reboiler.

 Horizontal thermosiphon used in refining applications. 95% of the reboilers in

petroleum industries are horizontal type.

 It requires less headroom but have more complex pipework and plot space

making it more expensive to install and has a higher fouling tendency.

 Tube bundles can be more easily withdrawn.

 This design has the advantage of preserving the natural circulation concept

while allowing a lower headroom than the vertical thermosyphon type.

 Less susceptible to fouling.

*Horizontal Thermosyphon Reboiler, ISOM-UNIT, British
Petroleum
 7. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HORIZONTALTHERMOSYPHON REBOILER.

 The process side is on the shell side, and the heating medium
is on the tube side.

 There is recirculation around the base of the column.

 A mixture of vapor and liquid leaves the reboiler and enters
the base of the column where it separates.

 It has higher circulation rates and lower vaporization fractions

in horizontal thermosyphons make them less susceptible to
fouling.

 Horizontal rather thermosyphon should be considered if the

feed viscosity exceeds 0.5 cp.

* NPTEL, Horizontal Thermosyphon Reboiler, Reboiler Section.

 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
• The exchanger is relatively cheap. • Large plot area is required than vertical unit,
especially if the bundled is removed.
• Removeable bundles are possible.
• The process fluid is on the shell side, creating
• High circulation can be achieved,
potential problems with fouling or corrosive
• More effective at low temperature difference.
fluids.
• It is more attractive when the heat transfer area
requirement is large due to machinal
consideration (e.g. Distillation column height).

• Fluids with moderate viscosity boil better in

horizontal thermosyphon.
• The static head required is less because of their
high circulation rate.

• It has super thermal performance.

 11. THERMOSYPHONE REBOILER ADVANTAGES & DISADVATAGES.

 Advantage:  Disadvantages:
• Not suitable for viscous and solid bearing
• Cheapest reboiler installation in terms of capital and
fluid.
operating cost.
• More heat transfer area is required for vacuum
operation.
• Permits simple, compact piping arrangement.
• Not specified for pressure below 0.3 bar.
• Provide excellent thermal performance. • Column based must be elevated to provide the
hydrostatic head required for the
• Most economical because no pump is used.
thermosyphon reboiler.

• It has high heat flux. • This increase the cost of the column supporting
structure.
• It has high transfer rate.
• Its is not suitable for low temperature

• It has low fouling factor. difference.

 12. INDUSTRIALAPPLICATION.

 Thermosyphon reboilers are extensively used for chemical engineering applications in various industries.

They comprise of 70% of evaporation duties in all process industries.

 Thermosyphon reboilers are majorly used in petroleum refining, petrochemical and chemical industries.

 95% of the reboilers in petroleum industries are horizontaltype.

 70% are vertical type in petrochemical industries and in chemical while nearly 100% are vertical type in

chemical industries.

 Typical applications may be the reduction of monomers or oligomers from a polymer or the recycle of

organic solvents from a waste stream.

THANK YOU