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SEMI SOLIDA
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Sediaan semisolid
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PLIKASI SED. SEMISOLODA :
LEBIH BANYAK UNTUK PENGGUNAAN TOPIKAL
(DERMATOLOGICAL VEHICLE & COSMETIC)
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PENGGOLONGAN :
• GEL (JELLY)
• OINTMENT
• CREAM
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PERTIMBANGAN PEMILIHAN BASIS :
• Tujuan pengobatan:
Contoh tujuan EPIDERMAL; piroxicam, ketoprofen
(menghindari side efffect pd GI) gel
• Menghindari interaksi :
cationic drug & cationic preserv. anionic surf.
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OINTMENT:
• GREASY
• ANHYDROUS
• BHN AKTIF TERLARUT ATAU TERDISPERSI
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Pharmaceutical ointments may be easily spread
on skin, being retained at the site of applications
as an occlusive layer, thereby preventing
moisture loss from skin.
This is particularly useful whenever restoration
of the physical characteristics of the skin is
required (e.g due to inflammation)
Pharmaceutical ointments are associated with
lubricating/emollient properties, properties that
may employed to reduce trauma of an affected
site upon spreading
In general, pharmaceutical ointments persist at the site
of
application, enabling the duration of drug release to be
greater than for many other topical dosage forms.
The increased viscosity of pharmaceutical pastes
ensures that a thick film of
the dosage form is applied to the site of action, which
shows
excellent persistence. This property is particularly useful
if
protection of an inflamed site is required, e.g. in
eczema,
psoriasis.
1. HYDROCARBON :
a. SOFT PARAFFIN (VASELINE) + HARD PARAFFIN
→ konsistensi tertentu
comb. white beeswax, cetostearyl alcohol → lembut
• BERMINYAK → greasy
• OCCLUSIVE, → lapisan (film) mencegah kehilangan
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2. ABSORPTION BASES
Lanolin (mengandung cholesterol) dikombinasi
dengan: - lanosterol
- acetylated sterols
- esters of polyhydric alcohols (sorbitan
monostearete, sorbitan monooleate)
hydrocarbon + bhn yg campur dengan hydrocarbon
dan mengandung gugus polar sebagai emulgator
w/o
• hydrophilic
• anhydrous
• menekan kehilangan air trans epidermal (TEWL)
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3. EMULSIFYING BASES
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Contoh formula Emulsifying bases :
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4 WATER SOLUBLE BASES
• Non occlusive
• Mix readily with skin exudates
• Do not stain bed linen or clothing
• Washing quickly, removes any residue from the
skin
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Contoh formula Water soluble bases :
Macrogol Ointment BP
• Macrogol 300
• Macrogol 4000
Basis Macrogol
* Pembawa local anesthetics (lignocaine)
* Aktifitas antimikroba dari methyl/ propyl paraben
menurun
* Penicillin dan Bacitracin inactivate
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PEMBUATAN BASIS OINTMENT
Relatif mudah,
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PENCAMPURAN BAHAN AKTIF (BA)
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BAHAN AKTIF PADAT
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CREAM
EMULSI konsistensi SEMISOLID
Hair remover cream
alba, squalane
Dari tumbuhan : olive oil, coconut oil
album
Berdasarkan bentuknya
Padat (Wax) : beeswax
Klasifikasi Fase minyak (new
science cosmetic)
Oil dan fat : trigliserida dari asam lemak dan gliserin
yg didapat dari hewan dan tumbuhan
Wax ester : ester dari higher fatty acid dan higher
alcohol yang didapat dari hewan dan tumbuhan
Hydrocarbon : mempunyai rantai karbon lebih dari 15
Higher fatty acid : formula umumnya RCOOH diman
R bisa grup alkil saturasi dan alkenyl tidak tersaturasi
Higher alcohol : alkohol monovalen dengan 6 atau
lebih atom karbon yang diproduksi dari petrochemical
Ester : dari dehidrasi asam dan alkohol
1. Oil and fats
Olive oil
Camelia oil
Macadamial nut oil
Castor oil
2. Wax ester
Carnauba wax
Candelilla wax
Jojoba oil
Bees wax
lanolin
3. Hydrocarbon
Liquid parafin
Parafin
Petrolatum
Ceresin
Microcrystaliln wax
squalane
4. Higher fatty acid
Lauric acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid
Isostearic acid
5. Higher alcohol
Cetyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol
Isostearyl alcohol
2-octyl dodecanol
6. Ester
Isopropyl miristat
2-octyldodecyl myristate
Cetyl 2-ethyl hexanoat
Di-isostearyl malate
Moisturizer
OILY CREAM BP
- wool fat 16
- stearyl alcohol 16
- isopropyl mirystate 16
- cetrimide
0.04
- water up to 100
2. KRIM TIPE : O/W (ex. vanishing cream)
- Non occlusive
- Dapat diencerkan oleh air
- Mudah dicucikan oleh air
- Pada penggunaan tidak tampak/ tdk berbekas
- Emulgator : - camp. surfaktan/fatty amphiphile
(alkohol rantai panjang, C 14 - 18
a.l. cetostearyl alcohol)
- fatty acid (dlm kosmetik)
Vanishing cream
• Strearic acid
• Cetyl alcohol
• Span 80
• Tween 80
• Methyl paraben
• Prophyl paraben
• Water
PEMBUATAN BASIS KRIM:
FOKUS UTAMA
• Teknik pencampuran kedua fase
• Penempatan emulgator
PARAMETER KRITIS :
• Kecepatan penambahan
• Kecepatan pengadukan
• Temp. Masing-2 fase 70 °C cooling to 25 °C
• Suhu pemanasan (5 – 10°c) diatas suhu lebur yg
tertinggi bhn
• kecepatan pendinginan mempengaruhi ukuran
droplet, viskositas & stabilitas
Tahapan pembuatan Vanishing cream:
1. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
2. SALMONELLA spp.
3. ESCHERICHIA COLI
4. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
5. CANDIDA ALBICANS
6. ASPERGILLUS NIGER
PRESERVATIVES USED IN TOPICAL
PREPARATIONS:
ANTIOXIDANTS SYNERGISTS
SELAMAT BELAJAR