OPERATING SYSTEMS

AND ITS TYPES

Sahil Pocker
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating System (OS) is an intermediary between users and computer hardware.
It provides users an environment in which a user can execute programs conveniently
and efficiently.
 OPERATING SYSTEM MARKET SHARE WORLDWIDE
iOS OSX
13.99% 6.37% Linux
0.79%
Other
6.36%

Windows
35.99%

Android
36.50%
A BIT OF HISTORY
On the first computers, with no operating system, every program needed the full
hardware specification to run correctly.
The earliest computers were mainframes that lacked any form of operating system
The first operating system used for real work was GM-NAA I/O
The Unix operating system was developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the late
1960s IBM
First server for 704
World Wide
web(BSD)family.
A subgroup of the Unix family is the Berkeley Software Distribution ran on NeXTSTEP
input/output system of
Steve Jobs, upon leaving Apple Inc. in 1985, formed NeXT Inc., a companyGeneral
that Motors and
manufactured high-end computers running on a variation of BSD calledNorthNeXTSTEP.
American Aviation
IBM SIGNS A DEAL WITH THE DEVIL
IBM approached Microsoft in July 1980 to provide the operating system for its
upcoming personal computer
Microsoft bought a system called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products and
delivered it after adaptations to IBM as 'PC DOS' for a one-time fee of $50,000.
They marketed the IBM PC with the OS ‘IBM-PC DOS’, but it was Microsoft who
developed the OS and had the rights to it.
Microsoft shrewdly included a clause in the agreement that allowed them to sell the
operating system to other companies under the name MS-DOS
IBM SIGNS A DEAL WITH THE DEVIL
Microsoft seemed to understand that by controlling the operating system, the
underlying hardware became less relevant.
IBM didn’t consider this nor foresee that other companies would clone their hardware.
When they did, Microsoft was more than happy to give them their OS as MS-DOS.
For application developers, programs developed on one worked on the other with
few or little changes, so they loved it.
Windows 95, XP, windows 7 etc. are all descendants of MS-DOS.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Single- and multi-tasking
Single- and multi-user
Distributed:- A distributed operating system manages a group of distinct computers
and makes them appear to be a single computer.
Real-time:- A real-time operating system is an operating system that guarantees to
process events or data by a specific moment in time.
Examples: VxWorks, QNX, eCos, RTLinux
Embedded:- Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded
computer systems
COMPONENTS OF AN OS
Kernel:- The kernel provides the most basic level of control over all of the computer's
hardware devices.
Program execution:- The operating system provides an interface between an
application program and the computer hardware.
Interrupts:- Interrupts provide an efficient way for the operating system to interact
with and react to its environment.
Virtual memory:- creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory
Disk access and file systems:-Computers store data on disks using files, which are
structured in specific ways in order to allow for faster access, higher reliability, and to
make better use of the drive's available space
ANY MORE QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU.