Presentation on Precision Agriculture

LISS IV and SUN

SENSORS

Presented to,
Dr. A. R. Mishra
Course Teacher
Precision Agriculture
Presented By
Meshram MayurKumar Rishikant
Id No. 18PHAGRN106
Ph D in Agronomy II Sem
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Remote sensing can be defined as the
process of measuring the physical
properties of distant objects using
reflected or emitted energy.

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The LISS-IV sensor camera was launched onboard Resourcesat-1
satellite by ISRO in 2003. The LISS-IV sensor is a multispectral high
resolution camera with a spatial resolution of 5.8 m at nadir. The
payload provides multispectral imagery covering a swath of 70 Km as
compared to 23 km swath of Resourcesat-1.

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1. The LISS-IV camera has the additional feature of off-nadir
viewing capability by tilting the camera by +/- 26 degrees
using which, 5 days revisit is possible for any given ground
area.
2. The data is acquired in three spectral bands namely visible
and near infrared (B2, B3 and B4).
3. It has both MX Mode (1/3rd swath) and Mono Mode (full
swath) of operation as in Resourcesat-1.

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APPLICATIONS OF LISS IV
• Regional mapping/ planning
• Urban development monitoring
• Land cover/land use mapping and change assessment
• Vegetation monitoring
• Mapping of agricultural areas and classification of
agricultural crops
• Mapping of forest areas and classification of forest
ecosystem
• Logging monitoring
• Geological mapping
• Geomorphologic mapping
• Disasters impacts mapping
• DEM generation
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USES

• This data from this camera is used for working out maps at

1:12500 scale for national level policy development for town

planning, vegetation etc.

• The excellent imageries from LISS-4 Camera onboard

Resourcesat-1 are routinely used worldwide.

• LISS-4 camera images the earth in push-broom mode.

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 LISS-4
Full name Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor – 4
Purpose Very-high-resolution land and vegetation observation
Short 3-channel VIS/NIR radiometer, one camera each channel
description
Backgroun Complementary to LISS-3 on ResourceSat-1 and ResourceSat-2
d
Scanning Pushbroom, 4096 pixel/line per camera; swath 23.9 km if the 3
Technique cameras are used each for 1 different channel (thus multi-
spectral), or 70 km if all cameras are used for viewing parallel
strips in the same channel (thus panchromatic). Cross-track
pointing capability ± 26° for stereoscopy in between orbits
Resolution 5.8 m
Coverage / Global coverage in 24 days, in daylight. 5 days for a target area
Cycle by using cross-track pointing
Mass 133 Power 129 Data Rate 294
kg W Mb
ps 7
 Sun sensors
1. There are various types of sun sensors, which differ in their
technology and performance characteristics. Sun presence sensors
provide a binary output, indicating when the sun is within the
sensor's field of view. Analog and digital sun sensors, in contrast,
indicate the angle of the sun by continuous and discrete
signal outputs, respectively.
2. In typical sun sensors, a thin slit at the top of a rectangular
chamber allows a line of light to fall on an array
of photodetector cells at the bottom of the chamber. A voltage is
induced in these cells, which is registered electronically. By
orienting two sensors perpendicular to each other, the direction of
the sun can be fully determined.
3. Often, multiple sensors will share processing electronics.

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There are a number of design and performance
criteria which dictate the selection of a sun sensor
model:
• Field of view
• Angular resolution
• Accuracy and stability
• Mass and volume
• Input voltage and power
• Output characteristics (including electrical
characteristics, update frequency, nonlinearity,
and encoding)
• Durability (including radiation hardening and
tolerance to vibration and thermal cycling)

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 MOEMS: Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-
System Sun Sensors
 The DTUsat project was started in 2001 and currently ∼ 40 DTU

students, and a few from Copenhagen University, are involved.

 A two-axis MOEMS sun sensor with ±70◦ FOV, and a theoretical

resolution of 0.07◦ has been designed for DTUsat.

 The sensor has been made independent of various ambient factors.

 A complete system consisting of the sensor and required electronics has

been designed with a mass just below 3g.

 Implying that mass constrained missions clearly can benefit by

employing a MOEMS sun sensor, without compromising accuracy. 10

 The output from the sun sensors is based only on the
direction to the sun as seen from the satellite.
 Thus, the shadowing effect from the earth has not been
taken into account. This would involve dumping orbital data
to
 MATLAB as well as the azimuth and elevation angles, and
we have not considered this.
 The reason for this is, that this is only a simulation of the
output from the sun sensors.
 In reality, it will not be that difficult to determine, if the
satellite is in shadow – if none of the sun sensors are
returning data, the satellite is probably in shadow!

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SENSOSOL: MultiFOV 4-Quadrant high precision sun sensor

 The FOV and the resolution obtained are ±60º and 0.5º for
the coarse measure and ±6º with precision better than
0.05º for the fine measure. A sun sensor is a device used
to measure the incidence angle of sun rays with respect to
a reference surface.

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 Sun sensors can be classified as digital or analog
depending on the kind of manufacturing technology and
coarse or fine depending on the accuracy of the
measurement. While coarse sun sensors get typically 1
degree of accuracy, fine sun sensors reach up to 0.01
degrees.

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