Song

• Alicia Bernita Abigael L.

• Fery Ardiansyah
• Figi Diasheva
• Ibrahim Ahmad Abduljabbar
• Nur Aziza Fawziya
• Nur Iqlima
 DEFINITION
﹡ a short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung.
﹡ singing or vocal music.
﹡ a musical composition suggestive of a song.
﹡ the musical phrases uttered by some birds, whales, and insects, typically forming a
recognizable and repeated sequence and used chiefly for territorial defense or for
attracting mates.
There are some reasons why many people use songs to learn English. First, song are
authentic materials. If we want to learn English, we should listen to English songs.
Second, English songs also contain culture and history.

The reason is that song contain repetitions and repetitions enhance learning. The next
reason is it’s a good way to learn voccabulary and pronunciation. An last, English songs
are fun and they can easily energize the listeners.

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 Social Function
Song have been an amusing companion for human beings for as
long as or even longer than we can speak. Songs are highly
expressive. Some convey love and emotions ; some tell a
memorable and moving story; some embody one’s dreams and
ideals; and some reminisce about the golden past. Songs are
abundant in themes and expressions which will echo in the
learner’s heart. Other Social Functions:
﹡ To entertain the listeners.
﹡ To teach moral value through the lyrics of the songs.
﹡ To provide a way of managing the realitionship between our
public and private emotional life.
﹡ To express personal feeling and cultural values.
﹡ To give someone to not only shares their emotions with others,
but also to have an emotional connection that just can’t be
experienced in any other way.
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a. Intro
General Structure
The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic related to the
main body of song.
b. Verse
It is the section of the song structure that tells the story. This is the exposition,
describing the scene or the person, or an emotion. There are usually two or three
verses in a row that have the same musical structure, the same rhyme and
poetic meter, but different words. The second verse builds on the picture painted
in the first verse, etc.
c. Chorus of Refrain
A chorus is the most repeated section, so it’s the easiest remembered. A chorus
is the summary of the song’s story. All the verses have been leading up to the
chorus, and is usually the part of the song people sing along with. A chorus can
come at the beginning of the song structure; it can also start in the middle, or
come at the end. In fact, some songs don’t have choruses at all. Some people are
usually confused to differentiate between choruses and refrain. A refrain is any
line that repeats in the song lyric, while a chorus is any group of lines that
repeat.
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 General Structure
d. Break
A break is actually a brief “rest” or “pause” for the core melody within a song used to add
further dimension and excitement. It may include a quick instrumental solo or drum
interlude or it may be a brief moment of silence, or acombination of each of these
elements.
e. Bridge
This is the part of the song that shifts. It can suddenly change tempo, or volume, or
instrumentation. The bridge is the section that gives the audience time to reflect on the
story, or gives them the “climax” or conclusion of the story through verses and chorus.
Bridges can be used to give the singer a break.
f. Outro or Coda
This is the end of the road for the song. It can repeat the intro, chorus or a refrain as an
outro, or a bridge with an instrumental solo.
﹡ Below Are Some Forms of Song’s Structure
Intro-verse-verse-chorus-break-verse-verse-break-bridge-break-out
Verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-chorus.
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 Language Features
﹡ Point of view. Lyrics are written in first, second, or third person given on the
specific perspective you choose. Often time point of views change in lyrics, but
only when needed.
﹡ They use rhyming words. Usually songs use a familiar catchy tune and rhyme.
A rhyme is a linguistic style, based on consonance or similiar sound of two or
more syllables or whole words at the end of one line; rhymes are most commonly
used in poetry and songs.
﹡ They use alliteration. It is a stylistic device in which a number of words,
having the same first conconant sound, occur close together in a series, for
example: A big bully beats a baby boy.

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 Language Features
﹡ Some songs use poetic devices, such as figure of speech and imagery. While
songs can paint a vivid picture since they are longer mediums, imagery can be
found in just a single sentences as well. Imagery is vivid descriptive language
that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch,semll, and taste)
for example : Her blue eyes were as bright as the sun, blue as the sky, but soft as
silk. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning something
different than its literal meaning.
﹡ Some songs use amusing word play and slang language. A word play is the
manipulation of language (in particular, the sounds, and meanings of words)
with the intent to amuse; verbal wit. Salng is kind of language consisting of very
informal words and phrases. Slang is more common in speech than in writing,
for example: gonna, wanna, ain’t, etc.

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 Figure of Speech
There are dozens of figure of speech. But we will only explain the main five of them.
1] Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that uses comparison. In a simile, we use two specific
words “like” and “as” to compare two unlikely things, that actually have nothing in
common. This is done to bring out the dramatic nature of the prose and invoke vivid
images and comparisons. It is one of the most common forms of a figure of speech
and is used in everything from day-to-day talk to poems.
Let us see some examples of simile. “She is as brave as a lion”. Here you will notice a
girl and her bravery are being compared to a lion. this is an unusual and illogical
comparison, but it brings out the vivid imagery and lyrical quality in the sentence.
The literal sentence would have read “She is brave”, but using the simile makes it
sound much better. Other such examples can be
﹡ quite like a mouse
﹡ as tall as a mountain
﹡ as strong as an ox
﹡ precious like an angel
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 Figure of Speech
2] Metaphor
A metaphor and a simile are quite similar actually. A metaphor also uses compares to
things that are in no way similar. It does so to bring out the symbolism. A metaphor
is a word or phrase used to show its similarity to another thing. It helps to explain an
idea, but if you take a metaphor at its literal meaning it will sound absurd.

An example of a metaphor is “Alex is a chicken”. Literally, this sounds so very

absurd. But this is a metaphor which suggests that Alex is a coward, or frightened. It
compares or implies that Alex is a chicken to bring out the symbolism. Some other
examples are ‘love is a battlefield”, “all the world’s a stage”, “that technology is a
dinosaur” etc.

While a simile and metaphor seem to be very similar, there is one basic difference
between the two. In a simile, the comparison happens with the help of the words “as”
and “like”. A metaphor will not have either of those two words.

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 Figure of Speech
3] Personification

Another very interesting figure of speech is personification. In this, we personify or

represent a non-human entity as human. We give an inanimate object or an
intangible idea of some human qualities such as emotions, or gestures or even
speech. this is done to portray the object as alive and help the listener or reader paint
a vivid picture. Again, if we take the words at their literal meaning they will sound
absurd.

“The wind howled as the storm grew stronger”. Here we have taken an object, the
wind, and personified it as a living thing by claiming it howled. Other such examples
could be, “time ran away from him”, “the boat danced in the puddle”, “the car died in
the middle of the road” etc.

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 Figure of Speech
4] Hyperbole

Hyperbole in the Greek language translates to ‘excess’. And that is what it does, it
exaggerates. We use hyperboles to emphasize the importance or the overstate
something. This exaggerates claims and statements are never meant to be taken at
their literal meaning. They are used to create a strong and lasting impression

An example would be “Since he has been away from home he has gotten as thin as a
toothpick“. Obviously, he has not gotten as thin as a toothpick, we only exaggerate to
emphasize on how thin he has become. Some other examples are, “Those shoes cost
a king’s ransom”, “For the millionth time, clean the kitchen”, “his grandfather is older
than the hills”.

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 Figure of Speech
5] Onomatopeia

This is a figure of speech where words or phrases indicate sounds. Often to bring
about more imagery and better describe a setting, authors use words to involve all
five of our senses. Onomatopeia refers to those words that imitate the sounds of an
object or person.

For example “The bees buzzed around in the garden”. Here the word ‘buzzed’ is
indicating the sound coming from the bees. Some other examples are “the leaves
were rustling”, “the door was squeaking”, “he closed the book with a thud” etc.

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 1.
Just the Way You Are by
Bruno Mars
Song Analysis
[Verse 1]
Oh, her eyes, her eyes [Verse 2]

Make the stars look like they're not shinin' Her lips, her lips

Her hair, her hair I could kiss them all day if she'd let me

Falls perfectly without her trying Her laugh, her laugh

She's so beautiful She hates but I think it's so sexy

And I tell her every day She's so beautiful, and I tell her everyday

Yeah, I know, I know Oh you know, you know, you know

When I compliment her she won't believe me I'd never ask you to change

And it's so, it's so If perfect's what you're searching for

Sad to think that she don't see what I see Then just stay the same

But every time she asks me, "Do I look okay?" So don't even bother asking if you look okay

I say You know I'll say

[Chorus] [Chorus]

When I see your face When I see your face

There's not a thing that I would change There's not a thing that I would change

Cause you're amazing just the way you are Cause you're amazing just the way you are

And when you smile And when you smile

The whole world stops and stares for a while The whole world stops and stares for a while

Cause, girl, you're amazing just the way you are Cause, girl, you're amazing just the way you are

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[Post-Chorus]
The way you are
The way you are
Girl, you're amazing just the way you are

[Chorus]
When I see your face
There's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing just the way you are
And when you smile
The whole world stops and stares for a while
Cause, girl, you're amazing just the way you are, yeah

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 The song simply explains that the girl in the song is beautiful and just
straightforwardly tell how amazing the girl just the way she is. The song is
not that poetic or deep, as it is easy to understand the lyrics.

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 Figure of Speech
Oh her eyes, her eyes
Make the stars look like they’re not shining
﹡ The opening lines to the song, sung in his soothing tenor voice,
Bruno Mars successfully uses repetition of a strong visual (her
eyes) and then describes them using simile, imagery, and
hyperbole in one swift line.
﹡ The visual imagery – referring to the stars in the sky, a sight we
are all familiar with.
﹡ The simile – comparing her eyes to the stars, a bold move.
﹡ The hyperbole – this is the figurative element that “packs the
punch”, the exaggeration that gives us impression that her eyes
are brighter and more beautiful than the stars in the sky.
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 Figure of Speech
And when you smile,
The whole world stops and stares for awhile
﹡ Part of the chorus, also known as the refrain, that highlights
another key element of an attractive face – the smile. Bruno uses
hyperbole again in this line to really emphasize the beauty of the
girl, that it has the power to stop the world.
﹡ This line also has a simple rhyme scheme, that helps connect
the lines and keep the refrain nice and catchy.
﹡ Finally, the use of alliteration works strongly with the action
verbs the ‘exaggerated world’ executes; stopping and staring. All
in all, another key couplet that serves to paint the picture of a girl
who is truly breathtaking.

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 2.
Skinny Love by Bon Iver
Song Analysis
[Verse 1]
Come on, skinny love, just last the year
Pour a little salt, we were never here
My, my, my, my, my, my, my, my
Staring at the sink of blood and crushed veneer
I tell my love to wreck it all
Cut out all the ropes and let me fall
My, my, my, my, my, my, my, my
Right in this moment, this order's tall
[Chorus]
And I told you to be patient
And I told you to be fine
And I told you to be balanced
And I told you to be kind
And in the morning I'll be with you
But it will be a different kind
And I'll be holding all the tickets
And you'll be owning all the fines
[Verse 2]
Come on, skinny love, what happened here?
Suckle on the hope in light brassieres
My, my, my, my, my, my, my, my
Sullen load is full, so slow on the split
[Chorus]
And I told you to be patient
And I told you to be fine
And I told you to be balanced
And I told you to be kind
And now all your love is wasted
And then who the hell was I?
And I'm breaking at the britches
And at the end of all your lines
[Verse 3]
Who will love you?
Who will fight?
Who will fall far behind?
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The song is about a guy that keeps telling his lover that everything must be
balanced, and that everything is just fine. While he knows it isn't. So in a
way he is arguing with his own love for the girl, that is so skinny now that
it is breaking. He tried to convince the little love left between them, trying
to make it back stronger and to help it getting better, but he is not
succeeding. And this song is either a song to her trying to explain how he
feels or to help him realize just how "skinny" their love really is to him.
They have had many arguments or rough patches that have not only
damaged him but his heart. But he is willing to "pour a little salt" because
he thinks he loves her so much when he knows that it probably will not
work. Skinny love refers to a situation where love doesn’t really have
weight because it’s not nourished.

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 Figure of Speech

Imagery
Staring at the sink of blood and crushed
veener.
Personification
Refering to love as being skinny.
Alliteration
Sullen load is full, so slow on the split

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 Figure of Speech

Metaphor
Pour a little salt (salt help s the healing
process of a wound, so he wants his
hurting relationship to heal.
Hyperbole
Suckle on the hope in lite brasierre
(this is an exaggeration on how their
relationship could be saved by lust /
sexual chemistry they have.
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 Figure of Speech

Repetition
And I told you to be patient
And I told you to be fine
And I told you to be balanced
And I told you to be kind

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 3.
Happy by Pharrell Williams
Song Analysis
The song is about focusing on happy things in life whatever situations you
have. We have to be positive to face many problems in life. And while being
happy, you can influence others close to you by oozing positivity.

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[Verse 1:]
It might seem crazy what I'm about to say Hey, come on
Sunshine she's here, you can take a break
I'm a hot air balloon that could go to space [Bridge:]
With the air, like I don't care baby by the way (happy)
Bring me down
[Chorus:] Can't nothing bring me down
My level's too high (happy)
Because I'm happy Bring me down… can't nothing…
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof Bring me down
Can't nothing bring me down Bring me down… my level's too
Because I'm happy high…
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth I said (let me tell you now)
Bring me down Bring me down… can't nothing…
Because I'm happy Bring me down, I said (let me tell
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you Can't nothing bring me down
My level's too high you now)
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do Bring me down
Can't nothing bring me down [Chorus 2x]

[Verse 2:] I said

Here come bad news talking this and that, yeah,
Well, give me all you got, and don't hold it back, yeah, [Chorus 2x]
Well, I should probably warn you I'll be just fine, yeah, Because I'm happy
No offense to you, don't waste your time Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Here's why Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
[Chorus] Because I'm happy
Because I'm happy Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof Because I'm happy
Because I'm happy Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy Hey, come on
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do 27
 Figure of Speech

Metaphor
I'm a hot air balloon that could go to space
(The singer isn’t literally a hot air balloon. This is a metaphor
and it means that he is so filled with happiness, he could float
all the way to space- in the same way a hot air balloon floats
over the world)
Personification
Bad news talking this and that
(it suggests that the bad news is actually saying something,
which is not really the case.
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 Figure of Speech
Simile
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Rhyme
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do
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 Thanks!
Any questions?

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