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CYCLE CYCLE
CYCLE
TRICYCLE
El Niño Southern
Oscillation Cycle
• The cycle is attributed to the temperature fluctuations in the surface of the
• The cycle is attributed to the temperature fluctuations in the
equator Pacific Ocean.
surface of the equator Pacific Ocean. The warm episode of
• The the
warmcycle refers
episode to El
of the Niño,
cycle referswhile
to Elthe cold
Nino, episode
while is episode
the cold La is La
Nina.Niña.

• Both episodes
• Both usuallyusually
episodes endure for a 9 month
endure for a to a year. to a year.
9 month
Although both events occur irregularly, the frequency of El
• Although both events occur irregularly, the frequency of El Nino is higher
Niño is higher than La Niña, but both can take place at an
than La Nina, but both can take place at an average of every 2 to 7 years.
average of every 2 to 7 years.
El Niño
&
La Niña
El Niño
-is triggered by the weakening of
the easterly trade winds, which
can also reverse its direction.
-Another impact of El Niño is that
areas abundant in rainfall can
experience drought like in the
case of Philippines, Indonesia,
and Northern Australia. On the
other hand, normally dry areas
can be exposed to more strong
typhoons such as Peru and the
Southern part of the US.
La Niña
-as the opposite phase of El
Niño, the La Nña is Spanish
for “the little girl”. It is
distinguished from El Niño by
the colder sea surface
temperatures in the eastern
and central equatorial Pacific.
 Signs of

El Niño
The onset of El Niño is marked by surface waters that become increasingly warmer in the
eastern and central Pacific, while the opposite happens in the western Pacific.

• Rise in air pressure in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia and Australia.

• A fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of central and eastern
Pacific Ocean.
• The trade winds in the South Pacific weakened or headed east.
• Warm air rises in Peru.
• Warm water spreads from the West Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the
East Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing rainfall in normally dry
areas and drought in normally wet areas.
Prepare for

El Niño
Prepare an emergency kit – emergency kit must include:
Food and water to last for three days to a week. Don’t forget the
pets!
First aid kit
Flashlight, radio and batteries
Medications
Cash and important documents
Clothing and sturdy shoes
Tools (wrench, duct tape, fire extinguisher, sturdy gloves and
whistle)
 Sanitation and hygiene supplies
Check your car – make sure your car’s tires have good tread and that
your windshield work well. Your headlights should always be on in the
rain.
Check your house – clean your outdoor drains and gutters of any
leaves, dirt or debris. Secure trash, recycling bins and any other items that
have the potential of blowing or floating away. Have weakened trees
inspected by an arborist.
Flood insurance – consider purchasing flood insurance. Keep in mind,
most flood policies have a 30-day waiting period.
Use sandbags – sandbags can be utilized to help protect your home and
property before a storm.
Don’t risk your life – during significant storm events, avoid waterways,
flood control channels and the ocean, which can all rapidly swell and
become extremely dangerous. NO PLACE outside is safe when lightning
is in the area.
Prevent storm water pollution – rain washes everything into storm
drains that lead to our rivers and ocean. Secure household hazardous
waste with tight-fitting lids and tore these items in covered areas.
Capture rainwater – prepare your landscaped areas to capture and
retain more water by using compost. Collect rain that falls on your roof
by installing rain barrels.
Reuse water for flushing the toilet and watering the plants. Examine
water pipes for holes to avoid wasting of water.
 Signs of

La Niña
The first signs of an emerging La Niña are often observed in the ocean. The
bureau of meteorology monitors and reports on a range of ENSO
indicators, including:
• Short-term bursts of tropical rainfall activity.
• Water temperatures at the sea surface and at depth.
• Ocean heat content – measuring the amount of energy stored in the
ocean.
• The Southern Oscillation Index
• Atmospheric air pressure
• Cloudiness – measuring the amount of clouds in tropical region
• The strength of the trade winds and winds higher in the atmosphere
ocean currents.
Prepare for

La Niña
 Be aware of your area. If you're in a high risk area like
somewhere near a body of water, it can overflow. Also if you're in an
area that is prone to flooding then be prepared and wait for
government's advisory for evacuation.
 Clean everything. Such as drainage, gutters, sewerage and canals need
to be cleaned and cleared to make sure that water and flood can be
easily drained away.
 Fix the cracks or holes where water and flood can enter and damage
properties.
 Protect your stocks and retails and make sure they are safe and
cannot be damaged by flooding.
 Check your utilities especially electricity engineering
of your place. Electric short circuits can damage and
cause fires on your premises.
 Prepare emergency supplies such as food, water,
medicine, clothes, batteries, flashlight, and radio.
 Be alert for the signal to evacuate immediately as
given by local officials.
 Monitor news and weather updates from PAGASA