UNDERSTANDING

TYPHOONS

QUARTER 2, MODULE 4
OBJECTIVES
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
• Explain how typhoon develops and how it is
affected by landmasses and bodies of water
(S8ES-IId, S8ES-IIe).
Specifically, you are to:
1. Explain how typhoons develop.
2. Explain how landforms and bodies of water
affect typhoon; and;
3. Infer why Philippines is prone to typhoons.
ACTIVITY 1A: TRUE OR FALSE
_____1. The Philippines has four seasons: winter, spring,
summer, and fall.
_____2. Dry season is felt during December to May.
_____3. Wet season is the months of June to November.
_____4. Climate is normally dryer and more humid in
mountainous or elevated areas.
____ 5. The Philippines lies in the typhoon path and is often
visited by typhoons coming from South China Sea.
____ 6. Typhoons in the Philippines come from the east going to
the north.
____ 7. Philippine provinces in the typhoon path are Leyte,
Samar, Quezon, and Batanes.
____ 8. Department of Education, is a government agency that
gives information about the seasons and climates in our
country.
ACTIVITY 1A: TRUE OR FALSE
_____9. They give wild guess explanations about the seasons
and climates in our country.
_____10. Typhoons are dangerous. It can destroy infrastructure
and lives of people and animals.
_____11. Climates vary due to the specific location and elevation
of a certain place and its temperature.
_____12. Countries situated far from low latitudes have shorter
dry seasons.
_____13. Air and water, seas and oceans have something to do
with the cold temperature in a country.
_____14. Countries near the equator generally experience very
cool weather.
____15. The newscaster on TV daily reports the climate. He
reports a dry or wet, hot or cold, sunny or overcast.
____16. A typhoon is always accompanied by flood.
 ACTIVITY 1B: THE FORCE OF
NATURE
1. Describe the
scenario from the
image shown.
2. Is there a force
acting upon the
objects?
3. Identify the
factors that cause
movements of the
objects.
 ORIGIN OF CYCLONES
1. Tropical cyclone
happens in various
areas of the world
over warm waters.
2. It develops over large
ocean waters with a
surface temperature of
at least 26 deg.
Celsius, which is
about 500km away
from the equator.
3. Most tropical cyclones
occur in the area
where the
Northeasterly and
Southeasterly trade
winds (doldrums)
meet together. This area
is called ITCZ.
 INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
(ITCZ)

ITCZ is located at least 40 degrees to 45degrees latitude of north or south of the

equator and is known for its lowest surface pressure, where the converging air rises
(causing “low-pressure” on earth’s surface), condenses and become stronger turning
into a strong tropical disturbance.
1. Tropical cyclones are formed only over warm ocean waters near the equator.
2. When warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface, a
cyclone is formed.
3. When the air rises up and away from the ocean surface, it creates an area of lower air
pressure below.
4. It causes the air surrounding areas with higher pressure to move towards the low-
pressure area which further leads to warming up of the air and causes it to rise above.
5. As the warm, moist air rises and cools the water in the forms of clouds. The
complete system of clouds and wind spins and grows, along with the ocean’s

heat and water evaporating from the ocean surface.

6. As the wind system rotates with increasing speed, an eye gets formed in the
middle. The center of the cyclone is very calm and clear with very low air
pressure. The difference of temperature between the warm, rising and the
cooler environment causes the air to rise and become bouyant.
 PARTS OF A CYCLONE

The EYE of the storm is in the center and is very calm. It is the central
downdraft of air, region of light wind clear skies and ascending air, and has low
atmospheric pressure.
 PARTS OF A CYCLONE

The EYEWALL is the most dangerous winds of a hurricane that occur inside. It
encloses the surrounding with thunderstorms.
The RAIN BANDS are large bands of clouds and precipitation spiraling from the
eyewall thus called spiral rain bands.
 TROPICAL STORM VS. TROPICAL
CYCLONE
• When the winds speed is 39mph (63kmph), the storm is
called a “tropical storm.”
• Whereas, when the wind reaches 74 mph (119 kmph),
the storm is officially a “tropical cyclone” or hurricane.
Annually, around 70 to 90 cyclonic systems develop
all over the globe. The Coriolis force causes the wind to
spiral around a low-pressure area. As the presence of
Coriolis force is negligible in the equatorial belt between 5
degree north and 5 degrees south latitudes, hence
cyclonic systems do not develop in this region.
 NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN
THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD.
• It is called hurricane if is formed in the North Atlantic
Ocean;
• Typhoon when formed in Northwest Pacific Ocean
affecting Southeast Asia, the West Philippine Sea;
• Severe tropical cyclone in the Southeastern Indian
and Southwest Pacific Oceans;
• Severe Cyclonic Storm in the North Indian Ocean;
and;
• Tropical cyclone in Southwest Indian Ocean.
1. Thunderstorms, warm
ocean water and light
wind are needed for a

cyclone to form.
2. Cyclones take energy
from the warm ocean
at 26.5 degrees Celsius
to become stronger.

3. While a cyclone is over

warm water it will

continue to grow.
 STAGES OF THE CYCLONE
DEVELOPMENT

Tropical Cyclone
Tropical Depression Tropical Storm
(at least 89 to
(less than 61 kph) (62 to 88 kph)
220kph)

Severe Tropical
Storm
(89 to 117kph)