What is Typhoon?

Parts of a typhoon
 The Eye
The typhoon’s center is
relatively calm, generally clear
area of sinking air and light
winds that usually do not
exceed 24 km/h and is
typically 32-64 km across. An
eye will usually develop when
the maximum sustained wind
speeds go above 119 km/h
and is the calmest part of the
storm.
 The Eyewall
Where the strong wind gets as close as
it can is the eyewall. The eyewall
consists of a ring of tall thunderstorms
that produce heavy rains and usually
the strongest winds.
 The Rainbands
Curved bands of clouds and thunderstorms
that trail away from the eye wall in a spiral
fashion. These bands are capable of
producing heavy bursts of rain and wind, as
well as tornadoes. There are sometimes
gaps in between spiral rain bands where no
rain or wind is found.
 - Storms

Formation
Formation of
of a Typhoon a Typhoon

2. EYE

1. SPIRAL
3. RAIN
EYEWALL BANDS

 The highest winds are found in the eyewall.

 Damaging winds and heavy rain can also occur in the rain bands.
 Air in a rotating typhoon is drawn into the center of the storm,
called the eye.
 When the air reaches the eye, it rises up through the eyewall and
spreads out on top of the typhoon forming dense cirrus clouds.
 How do they develop?
The following are the
necessary requirements
established for tropical
cyclone formation:

1. Sufficiently large
ocean areas with a
surface temperature of
more than 26.5°C .
 STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
Tropical Depression(TD)
Tropical Storm (TS )
Typhoon
 TROPICAL (EASTERLY)
WAVE
No significant winds

No defined near
surface circulation

Identified by areas of
Convergence
(thunderstorms)
 TROPICAL DEPRESSION
(Formative Stage)
• With Max wind speed of
61 km/h
• Tropical wave develops
a weak cyclonic
circulation
• Identified by thickening
clusters of thunderstorms
on satellite
• Central pressure falls
rapidly
 TROPICAL STORM
(Immature to Mature Stage)
•With max wind speed of
117 km/h
•Closed formation
expands with spiral
bands becoming better
organized
•Increasing sea state
makes navigation near the
center increasingly
difficult and dangerous
HURRICANE / TYPHOON / WILLY-WILLY
(Mature Stage)

With max wind speed of

more than 200 km/h

DANGEROUSLY
HIGH
SEAS navigation
severely impaired
7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS
• NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN • EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC
June 1- November 30. The OCEAN
most active period runs May 15 - November 30.
from about mid August This is the second most
through the latter part of active region for tropical
October. cyclones in the world.
( Caribbean, Bermuda, Central These storms mostly move
America etc.) into the open eastern
Pacific Ocean but can
affect western Mexico and
sometimes after
developing, Hawaii.
• ARABIAN SEA ( Severe
Cyclonic Storm)
April 1 - December 30. This
basin has a double
maximum because of the
monsoon trough moving
through at two different
times of the year.
• SOUTHWEST PACIFIC
OCEAN (STC)
October 15 - May 1. These
tropical cyclones may affect
eastern Australia.
• NORTHWEST PACIFIC
OCEAN(Typhoon)
All year. This is the most
active basin in the world.
Most typhoons form
between July through
November. The tropical
cyclones that form here
can affect the Philippines,
Southeast Asia including
China and Taiwan, and
Japan.
• SOUTHEAST INDEAN
OCEAN ( STC)
October 15 - May. These
tropical cyclones may affect
northern and western
Australia. This basin has a
double maximum in mid
January, and mid February
through early March.
• SOUTHWEST INDIAN
OCEAN ( TC)
October 15 - May 15.
These tropical cyclones
may affect Madagascar
and south-eastern Africa. A
double maximum occurs in
mid January and mid
February through early
March.
N. Hemisphere S. Hemisphere

In the northern Hemisphere they

rotate COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
Meteorological Conditions:
A tropical cyclone will threaten/affect an area.
Winds of 30-60 kph is expected.
Intermittent rains may be expected in at least 36
hours. (When the tropical cyclone develops very
close to an area, a shorter lead time of the
occurrence of the winds will be specified in the
warning bulletin.)
Impact of the Winds:
Twigs and branches of small trees may be broken.
Some banana plants may be tilted or uprooted.
Some houses of very light materials may be
partially unroofed.
Only very light or no damage may be sustained by
areas affected.
Rice crops in flowering stage may suffer significant
damage.
Precautionary Measures:
When the tropical cyclone intensifies and moves
closer, this warning signal number may be
upgraded.
The waves on coastal waters may gradually
develop and swell.
The people are advised to listen to the latest
severe weather bulletin issued by PAGASA every
six hours.
Business may be carried out as usual except
when floods occur.
Disaster preparedness units are activated to alert
status.
Meteorological Conditions:
A tropical cyclone will affect an area.
Winds of greater than 60 kph and up to 100 kph
may be expected in at least 24 hours.
Impact of the Winds:
Some coconut trees may tilt; some of them may
break.
Few big trees may be uprooted.
Many banana plants may be downed.
Rice and corn crops may be affected.
A large number of houses made of light materials
may be unroofed.
Old galvanized iron roofing may be peeled off.
In general, the winds may bring light to moderate
damage to the exposed communities.
Precautionary Measures:
The sea and coastal waters are dangerous to small
sea craft.
Special attention should be given to the latest
position, direction and movement speed, and
intensity of the storm as it moves toward an area.
The public especially people travelling by sea and
air are cautioned.
Outdoor activities of children should be
postponed.
Secure properties before the signal is upgraded.
Disaster preparedness agencies/organizations are
in action to alert their communities.
Meteorological Conditions:
A tropical cyclone will affect an area.
Winds of greater than 100 kph up to 185 kph may
be expected in at least 18 hours.
Impact of the Winds:
Many coconut trees may be broken or destroyed.
Almost all banana plants may be downed and a large
number of trees may be uprooted.
Rice and corn crops may suffer heavy losses.
Majority of light material houses may be unroofed or
destroyed. There may be considerable damage to structures
of light to medium construction.
There may be widespread disruption of electrical power
and communication services.
In general, moderate to heavy damage may be experienced,
particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors.
Precautionary Measures:
The weather condition is dangerous to the
communities affected.
The sea and coastal waters will be very dangerous
to all sea craft.
Travel is very risky especially by air and sea.
People are advised to seek shelter in strong
buildings, evacuate low-lying areas, and stay away
from the coasts and riverbanks.
Watch out for the passage of the eye of the
typhoon indicated by a sudden occurrence of fair
weather immediately after very bad weather, with
very strong winds coming generally from the north.
Precautionary Measures:
When the eye of the typhoon hit the community,
do not venture away from the safe shelter because
after one to two hours, the worst weather will
resume, with the very strong winds coming from the
south.
Classes in all levels should be suspended and
children should stay in the safety of strong buildings.
Disaster preparedness and response
agencies/organizations are in action with
appropriate response to emergency.
Meteorological Conditions:
A very intense typhoon will affect the area.
Very strong winds of more than 185 kph may be
expected in at least 12 hours.
Impact of the Winds:
Coconut plantations may suffer extensive damage.
Many large trees may be uprooted.
Rice and corn plantation may suffer severe losses.
Impact of the Winds:
Most residential and institutional buildings of
mixed construction may be severely damaged.
Electrical power distribution and communication
services may be severely disrupted.
Damage to affected communities can be very
heavy.
Precautionary Measures:
The situation is potentially very destructive to the
community.
All travels and outdoor activities should be
cancelled.
Evacuation to safer shelters should have been
completed.
The area is very likely to be hit directly by the eye
of the typhoon.
As the eye of the typhoon approaches, the
weather will worsen continuously, with winds
increasing to its strongest coming generally from the
north.
Precautionary Measures:
A sudden improvement of the weather with light
winds will be experienced, which means the area is
under the eye of the typhoon.
Depending on the eye’s diameter and movement
speed, this improved weather may last for an hour
or two.
As the eye moves out of the area, weather
conditions will worsen, with strong winds generally
coming from the south.
The disaster coordinating councils concerned and
other disaster response organizations are now fully
responding to emergencies.
 Public Storm Signal no. 5

Meteorological Conditions:
A Super Typhoon will affect the area.
Very strong winds of more than 220 kph may be
expected in at least 12 hours.
 Public Storm Signal no. 5
Impact of the Winds:
Almost total damage to structures of light
materials, especially in highly exposed coastal areas.
Complete roof failure on many buildings. Severe
and extensive window and door damage.
Most residential and institutional buildings of
mixed construction may be severely damaged.
Electrical power distribution and communication
services severely disrupted.
 Public Storm Signal no. 5
Impact of the Winds:
All signboards blown down.
Total damage to banana plantation.
Most tall trees are broken, uprooted, or
defoliated.
 Coconut tress are stooped, broken, or uprooted.
Few plants and tress survived.
 Public Storm Signal no. 5
Precautionary Measures:
The situation is potentially extremely destructive
or catastrophic to the community.
All travels and outdoor activities should be
cancelled.
Evacuation to safer shelters should have been
completed since it may have been too late for this
situation.
The area is very likely to be hit directly by the eye
of the typhoon.
 Public Storm Signal no. 5
Precautionary Measures:
As the eye of the typhoon approaches, the
weather will worsen continuously, with winds
increasing to its strongest coming generally from the
north.
A sudden improvement of the weather with light
winds will be experienced, which means the area is
under the eye of the typhoon.
Depending on the eye’s diameter and movement
speed, this improved weather may last for an hour
or two.
As the eye moves out of the area, weather
 Public Storm Signal no. 5
Precautionary Measures:
As the eye moves out of the area, weather
conditions will worsen, with strong winds generally
coming from the south.
The disaster coordinating councils concerned and
other disaster response organizations are now fully
responding to emergencies and in full readiness to
immediately respond to possible calamity..