HYDRMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

 As stated by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), hydrometeorological hazard is a process or
phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

HYDROMETEOROLOGY

-It is the science that studies the cycle of water also called hydrological cycle that occur in the atmosphere and in the ground.

HAZARD

-A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to
the environment, or a combination of these.

MOST COMMON HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
(NOAA)

 Typhoon

 Thunderstorm

 Flashflood

 Flood

 Stormsurge

 El Niño

 La Niña

CYCLONE

- a cyclone is an intense low pressure system which is characterized by strong spiral winds towards the center, called the “ Eye” in a
counterclockwise flow in the northern hemisphere.

Classifications of Cyclone:

Tropical Depression - maximum winds from 35 km per hour to 63 km per hour

Tropical Storm - maximum winds from 64 km per hour to 118 km per hour

Typhoon - maximum winds exceeding 118 km per hour

TYPHOON
 A large, powerful and violent tropical cyclone. An intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is
characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.It is a low pressure area rotating counterclockwise and
containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the western pacific ocean.

 A typhoon is called a HURRICANE in the Atlantic Ocean, a CYCLONE in the Indian Ocean and WILY-WILY in Australia

 The ingredients for typhoon are ; low air pressure, warm temperature, moist ocean air and tropical wind

SIGNS OF IMPENDING TYPHOON

 The warning signs of a typhoon are strong winds, dark clouds, blowing debris and sea levels start to rise, barometers
starts to drop, cirrus clouds start to appear roaring noises and waves start to form white caps

96 hours before landfall

The barometer is steady, winds are light and variable, and fair-weather cumulus clouds appear.

72 hours
Little has changed, except that the swell on the ocean surface has increased to

about six feet and the waves come in every nine seconds. This means that the storm, far over the horizon, is approaching.

48 hours

The sky is now clear of clouds, the barometer is steady, and the wind is almost calm.

The swell is now about nine feet and coming in every eight seconds.

36 hours

The first signs of the storm appear. The barometer is falling slightly, the wind is around 11 mph, and the ocean swell is about 13 feet
and coming in seven seconds apart. On the horizon, a large mass of white cirrus clouds appear.

30 hours

The sky is covered by a high overcast. Winds pick up to about 23 mph.

The ocean swell, coming in five seconds apart, is beginning to be obscured by wind-driven waves, and small whitecaps begin to appear
on the ocean surface.

24 hours

Small low clouds appear overhead. The wind picks up to 34 mph. The wind driven waves are covered in whitecaps, and streaks of foam
begin to ride over the surface.

12 hours

The rain squalls are more frequent and the winds don’t diminish after they depart. The cloud ceiling is getting lowe. The wind is howling
at hurricane force at 74 mph. The sea advances with every storm wave that crashes ashore, and foam patches.

6 hours

The rain is constant and the 92 mph wind drives it horizontally. The storm surge has advanced above the high tide mark. Thesea surface
a whitish mass of spray.

1 hour

The rain becomes heavier. Low areas inland become flooded. The winds are at 104 mph, and the barometer is falling at 2 millibar per
hour. The sea is white with foam and streaks. The storm surge has covered coastal roads and 16 foot waves crash into buildings near the
shore.

EFFECTS OF TYPHOON
 The effects range from structural damage to trees, watercraft, and buildings to both immediate and long -term impacts on
human life and livelihood.

Buildings and Other Infrastructure

Typhoons affect buildings and other structures in two ways: through direct force and through projectiles. Direct force occurs when
a wind gust slams directly into a building or structure and causes physical damage, such as when wind blows the roof off a ho me.
Wind also inflicts damage by picking up and launching tree branches, building materials, and other debris into structures. The heavy
and persistent rainfall and coastal storm surges that typhoons bring can also have devastating effects. In addition to making homes
uninhabitable, the flooding associated with typhoons can cripple rescue and aid efforts by making roads impassable.
Trees and Other Vegetation

The storms brought by the typhoon may damage or destroy trees and other vegetation, including crops that communities may
rely on for sustenance or trade, or both. Strong winds can snap branches; detach and injure leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds ; and
uproot trees and plants. Flooding can over-saturate soils, drown vegetation or kill plantlife.

Watercraft and Offshore Operations

In addition to causing mayhem on land, typhoons certainly stir up the seas. Individuals on watercraft or those performing off shore
operations not only have to contend with heavy winds and rain, but also massive waves and, in general, turbulent water conditions.

Impacts to Life and Livelihood

The destructive forces of typhoons also impact – and sometimes take – the lives of both humans and animals. While this can occur
directly, as when flying debris or collapsing structures injure or kill people. Flooding from typhoons may destroy food stock s and
supplies and spread disease. In communities cut off by typhoons, individuals may not be able to get the medical attention they so
desperately need, and starvation becomes a big risk as well.

PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION

Before the Typhoon

-Establish and maintain coordination with Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils and personnel

-Store an adequate supply of food and clean water

-Keep flashlights, candles and battery-powered radios within easy reach.

-Examine your house and repair its unstable parts.

-Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.

-Learn something relevant to mitigation and preparedness for tropical cyclones

-Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, first aid kit, candles/flashlight, battery-powered radio, food, etc.

During the Typhoon

-Monitor through radio or other reliable resources the latest official report of PAGASA on the typhoon

-Stay inside the house.

-Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.

-Keep an eye on lighted candles or gas lamps.

-Do not wade through floodwaters to avoid being electrocuted and contracting diseases.

-If house is no longer safe, evacuate immediately to safer places like evacuation centers or house of relatives that are proven stable.

-Keep an open line of communication with relatives that are not affected o keep them posted

After the Typhoon

-Help in attending to victims immediately. For minor cuts and wounds, apply first aid

-In case of major wounds, seek necessary medical assistance at disater stations or hospitals

-If your house was destroyed, make sure that it is already safe and stable when you enter.

-Report damaged electrical cables and fallen electric posts to the authorities.
REFFERENCE

https://sciencing.com/effects-typhoons-6060279.html

https://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/eliot/technology/student_projects/arch
ives/07_08/wythe_weather/kolby_hurricane/kolby_hurricane.html

https://carmelaochea.wordpress.com/2018/01/24/different-types-of-hydr
ometeorological-hazards/

https://www.facebook.com/notes/university-of-batangas/what-to-do-befo
re-during-and-after-a-typhoon/664167550270591/