TROPICAL

CYCLONE
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
It is a storm system of thunderstorms that are moving
around a center. As the winds intensify or weaken, the
category is upgraded or downgraded accordingly.

The word “tropical cyclone” is composed

of two distinct words that completely
described its characteristics. .
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
-The term “TROPICAL” refers to its geological starting
point, which is usually hot and humid region.

The term “CYCLONE” is a meteorological

term that refers to its cyclonic circulation
where the strong winds in the northern
hemisphere circulate counterclockwise and
clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
Tropical Cyclone have different names depending on the
part of the world where it is formed and developed.

▪ HURRICANE- it is formed in the North Atlantic Ocean,

affecting the most of the Caribbean Sea.

▪ TYPHOON- in Northwest Pacific Ocean, affecting

Southeast Asia, West Philippine Sea, Japan.
 TROPICAL CYCLONE
▪ SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE- Southeastern Indian
and Southwest Pacific Oceans.

▪ SEVERE CYCLONIC STORM- North Indian Ocean.

▪ TROPICAL CYCLONE- Southwest Indian Ocean

In the Philippines, it is commonly known as _________

TROPICAL CYCLONE
FIVE CATEGORIES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
DEPENDING ON THE SPEED OF THE WINDS.
Category Maximum Wind Speed kph
Tropical Depression < 61
Tropical Storm 62 - 88
Severe Tropical Storm 89 - 117
Typhoon 118 – 220
Super Typhoon 221 and Above
 TYPHOON
-it is an extremely large, powerful, and
destructive storm that occurs especially in
the region of the Philippines or the China
Sea.
 TYPHOON
-it is an extremely large, powerful, and
destructive storm that occurs especially in
the region of the Philippines or the China
Sea. -it is an area of low atmospheric pressure
surrounded by a wind system blowing in
the northern hemisphere in
counterclockwise direction or in the
southern hemisphere in clockwise
direction.
Is there a difference?

Typhoons, Hurricanes, and Cyclones.

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENT ZONE
-It is also known as ITCZ.

Tropical cyclones originate in the

Intertropical Convergence Zone
located around the Equator.

It is in this area that trades the

winds from the Northern and
southern hemisphere converge.
FORMATION OF TYPHOON

STAGE 1: Evaporation of water at

ocean surface temperature of
26.5 Degree Celsius or higher.

STAGE 2: Warm, moist air rises

upwards from ocean surface,
leaving a low pressure are near
the ocean surface.
FORMATION OF TYPHOON

STAGE 3: Air from surroundings

high pressure are rushes towards
the low-pressure area. This air is
initially dry and cooler, but near
the ocean surface, the air is
heated and carries more water
vapor from continuous
evaporation.
FORMATION OF TYPHOON
STAGE 4: As the warm air
rises towards the cooler
parts of the upper
atmosphere, it cools off
and the water vapor
begins to condense to
form clouds.
FORMATION OF TYPHOON

STAGE 5: More clouds form and wind

speed pick up as the Sufficient spin from
the Coriolis effect causes the air to spiral
at it rises. As the winds rotate faster, the
low-pressure area near the ocean surface
becomes a tropical depression and may
eventually turn into typhoon.
ANATOMY OF THE TYPHOON
Eye- It is the calm part of the
storm and at this part has no rain
but sunny sky.

Eye wall- This part has the

strongest winds and rains. The
winds may blow 200 miles per
hour.
ANATOMY OF THE TYPHOON
Rainbands- These are the clouds that
spin out and make the storm bigger.

Inner Band- the rain is harder, and the

wind is weaker.

Outer Band- the rain is weaker, but the

wind is harder.
DEVELOPMENT OF TYPHOON

STAGE 1 Tropical Disturbance

A tropical disturbance is a discrete weather system of cloud,
showers, and thunderstorms, with an apparent circulation
that originates in the ocean in the tropical region and
remain intact for 24 hours or more.

STAGE 2 Tropical Depression

The tropical wave or tropical disturbance then evolves into tropical
depression when the thunderstorms are slightly more organized.
As a result, a closed circulation of air in the low levels is developed.
DEVELOPMENT OF TYPHOON

STAGE 3 Tropical Storm

The tropical storm receives an official name once sustained
winds reach 39mph in the closed circulation. The winds
increase greatly and can take as little as a half day to as
much as couple days.

STAGE 4 Typhoon, Hurricane or Cyclone

As the tropical storm grows more intense, it takes more energy
from its surroundings, it develops into a “matured” tropical cyclone
which can obtained a one-minute wind of at least 74 mph at an
elevation of 10 meters.
PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an
area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA,
the Philippines' national meteorological agency
monitors weather occurrences.

Significant weather disturbances, specifically

tropical cyclones, that enter or develop in the
PAR are given Philippine-specific names.

The PAR bounded by imaginary line drawn around the Philippines, including
the bodies of water that surrounds the country.
 PAGASA
This government agency is responsible for monitoring typhoons and
weather disturbances, weather forecasting, flood control and
astronomy research.

Monitor the weather and climate of the country.

Provide information to the public about typhoon and flood warnings.

Deliver weather forecasts and advisories.

Provide facts related to climatology, meteorology, and astronomy.

Why Philippines a Typhoon Prone Area?
Our country is very prone to typhoon due to its topographical
location wherein it lies in the most tropical cyclone-prone waters on
Earth, making it susceptible to typhoons.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS

Anemometer
It measures the speed of the wind.

Wind Vane
It measures the speed of the wind.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Windsock
It is a conical textile tube, which resembles a
giant sock, designed to indicate wind direction
and relative wind speed.
Thermometer
It measures air temperature. Most
thermometers are closed glass tubes
containing liquids such as alcohol or mercury.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Barometer
It measures air pressure. It tells you whether
the pressure is rising or falling.

Hygrometer
It measures the water vapor content of air or
the humidity.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Sling Psychometer
It measures relative humidity, using the cooling
effect of evaporation. Two thermometers are used
in a sling psychrometer.

Compass
It is a navigational instrument for finding
directions.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Doppler Weather Radar
These are installed in some strategic locations in the
Philippines for closely monitoring the movements of
typhoon; the amount of rainfall; and other atmospheric
condition every day.

Automated Rain Gauge or Precipitation Gauge

It keeps tracks of excess of rainfall to provide
necessary warning signals, whether such rainfall can
cause flashfloods or landslides.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Weather Maps
It indicate atmospheric conditions above a large
portion of the Earth’s surface.

Weather Balloons
It measures weather conditions higher up in the
atmosphere.
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
Weather Satellite
used to photograph and track large-scale air
movements. Then meteorologists compile and
analyze the data with the help of computers.

Eyes
are one of the best ways to help detect the
weather. Always keep an eye at the sky and you
will usually be on top of weather conditions.
 PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

PAGASA uses a system called the

Public Storm Warning Signals with
four warning levels to describe the
intensity of a storm.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Range of Wind Speed:

30-60 kph

Expected time of Arrival:

36 hrs.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
Impact or Effects:
• Twig and branches of small tress may be broken.
• Some houses of very light materials (nipa and cogon) may be
partially unroofed.
• Rice crop, however, may suffer significant damage when it is
in its flowering stage.

Precautionary Measures:
• The waves on coastal waters may gradually develop and
become bigger and higher.
• People are advised to listen to the latest weather bulletin
issued by PAGASA every six hours.
• Disaster preparedness is activated to alert status.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Range of Wind Speed:

>60 to 100 kph

Expected time of Arrival:

24 hrs.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
Impact or Effects:
• Some trees may be titled while few others may be broken or uprooted.
• Rice and corn may be adversely affected.
• Large number of nipa and cogon houses may be partially or totally
unroofed.
• Some old, galvanized iron roofing may be peeled off.

Precautionary Measures:
• Special attention should be given to the latest position, the direction and
speed of movements and the intensity and move of towards the locality.
• The general public especially the people travelling by sea and air are
cautioned to avoid unnecessary risks.
• Outdoor activities of children should be postponed.
• Secure properties before the signal is upgraded.
• Disaster preparedness agencies and organizations are in action to alert
their communities.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Range of Wind Speed:

>100-185 kph

Expected time of Arrival:

18 hrs.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
Impact or Effects:
• Many plants and trees may be uprooted, broken, or destroyed.
• Rice and Corn crops may suffer heavy losses.
• Majority of all nipa and cogon houses may be unroofed or destroyed
and there may be considerable damage to structures of light to
medium construction.

Precautionary Measures:
• The waves on coastal waters may gradually develop and become bigger and higher.
• Travel is very risky especially by sea and air.
• People are advised to seek shelter in strong buildings, evacuate low lying areas, and to stay
away from the coasts and riverbanks.
• Watch out for the passage of the “eye” of the typhoon indicated by a sudden occurrence of
fair weather immediately after very bad weather with very strong winds coming generally from
the north.
• When the “eye” of the typhoons hits the community, do not venture away from the safe
shelter.
• Classes in all levels should be suspended and children should stay in the safety of strong
buildings.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Range of Wind Speed:

>185 kph

Expected time of Arrival:

12 hrs.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
Impact or Effects:
• Some houses of very light materials (nipa and cogon) may be partially
unroofed.
• If the house is not strong enough to withstand the battering of strong
winds, go to designated evacuation center, or seek shelter in stronger
houses.
• Stay in the safe houses until after the disturbances has left the area.
• Evacuate from low-lying area and stay away from coastal areas for
possible flooding and storm surge.
• Many large trees may be uprooted, and plantations may suffer
extensive damage.
• Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed constructions may
be severely damaged.
• Electrical power distribution and communication services may be
severely disrupted.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
Precautionary Measures
• The situation is potentially very destructive to the community
• All travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled.
• Evacuation to safer shelter should have been completed
since it may be too late under this situation.
• The disaster coordinating councils concerned and other
disaster response organizations are now fully responding to
emergencies and in full readiness to immediately respond to
possible calamity.
RAINFALL ADVISORIES
RAINFALL ADVISORIES

The YELLOW RAINFALL advisory is raised in areas

where the expected rainfall amount is between
7.5 mm and 15 mm within one hour from posting
the warning. Residents low-lying communities are
alerted of possible flooding in the area.
RAINFALL ADVISORIES

The ORANGE RAINFALL advisory is posted when

rainfall amount is between 15mm and 30mm
within one hour. Flooding is highly expected in
the affected areas under the orange alert.
RAINFALL ADVISORIES

The RED RAINFALL advisory is raised when observed

rainfall is more than 30mm within one hour. The
warning is also issued if the downpour has continued for
three hours and is more than 65mm level. Communities
with this warning should be prepared to evacuate the
area due to serious flooding.
DAMAGES CAUSED BY TYPHOONS
Wind and water account for the two
most destructive forces associated
with typhoons. Typhoons affect
buildings and other structures in two
ways: through direct force and
through projectiles.
Buildings and
Other
Infrastructure
DAMAGES CAUSED BY TYPHOONS
The impacts of typhoons extend to
the natural environment, of course.
The storms may damage or destroy
trees and other vegetation, including
crops that communities may rely on

Tress and for sustenance or trade, or both.

Other
Vegetation
DAMAGES CAUSED BY TYPHOONS
The destructive forces of typhoons also
impact and sometimes take the lives of both
humans. While this can occur directly, as
when flying debris or collapsing structures
injure or kill people, a “silent killer” of sorts
is the lack of available resources and
infrastructure that may follow typhoon
Impacts to Life
landfall.
and Livelihood
DAMAGES CAUSED BY TYPHOONS
Typhoons cause major flooding, which
can drown animals and destroy their
natural environments. When smaller
animals and food supplies disappear or
get killed, it affects larger animals
because they can no longer find
Animals enough food.
Worst Typhoons to Ever Hit the Philippines

TYPHOON HAIPHONG TYPHOON NITANG TYPHOON URING

When: October 8, 1881 International Name: Typhoon Ike
Where: Northern Luzon When: August 31, 1984
Highest Speed Winds: Where: Mindanao
Impact: 20,000 fatalities Highest Wind Speed: 230 kmph
Impact: 1,474 fatalities
International Name: Thelma
When: November 4, 1991
Where: Visayas region Leyte and Negros
provinces
Highest Wind Speed: 85 kmph
Impact: 5,000-8,000 fatalities, 3,000 missing
Worst Typhoons to Ever Hit the Philippines
TYPHOON ROSING
International Name: Typhoon Angela
When: 1995
Where: Philippines
Highest Wind Speed: 285 kmph
Impact: 1,800 fatalities
TYPHOON IBIANG TYPHOON REMING
International Name: Tropical Depression Winnie International Name: Typhoon Durian
When: November 25, 2006
When: November 27, 2004
Where: Albay province
Where: Luzon, Visayas
Highest Wind Speed: 195kmph
Highest Wind Speed: 55kmph
Impact: Unknown final count due to areas buried
Impact: 1,593 fatalities, 678.7 million Philippine with lahar; >1,500 fatalities; At least USD $130
pesos damages. million damage
Worst Typhoons to Ever Hit the Philippines
TYPHOON FRANK
International Name: Typhoon Fengshen
When: June 21, 2008
Where: Luzon
Highest Speed Wind: 204kmph
Impact: 1,371 dead, 87 missing;
1,606,710,000 million damages.
TROPICAL STORM ONDOY TYPHOON PABLO
International Name: Typhoon Ketsana
International Name: Typhoon Bopha
When: September 23-30, 2009.
When: December 3, 2012
Where: Northern Luzon near the boundary of
Where: Mindanao
the Philippine provinces of Aurora and Quezon.
Highest Wind Speed: 280kmph
Highest Wind Speed: 165 kmph
Impact: 241 fatalities, 94 injured and 11 billion Impact: 1,901 fatalities; 7 billion
pesos damages. damages
Worst Typhoons to Ever Hit the Philippines
SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA
International Name: Haiyan
When: November 8, 2013
Where: Visayas region
Highest Speed Wind: 230kmph
Impact: 6,300 fatalities, 1,061 missing,
389 billion damages.
TYPHOON ROLLY TYPHOON ULYSSES
International Name: Typhoon Goni
International Name: Typhoon Vamco
When: October 26- November 6, 2020
When: November 11, 2020
Where: Bicol Region
Where: Patnanungan, Quezon.
Highest Wind Speed: 315 kmph
Highest Wind Speed: 213 kmph
Impact: 25 people died, 399 injured and
Impact: 12.9 Billion Damage, 73 died with 24
affecting 2 million people in 8 regions. 5.79
injured and 19 missing
billion worth of damage
THANKYOU FOR LISTENING!
STAY SAFE AND GODSPEED!