PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES

OF DEVELOPMENT

ERIK ERIKSON
ERIK ERIKSON
ERIK ERIKSON
1902-1994
He expanded Freud’s theory that recognizes the
importance of early experiences in childhood.
Role of social factors to influence development.
 Each stages characterized by psychosocial
conflict or crisis that an individuals needs to
overcome
Socialization is an important process.
 THE EIGHT PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE ISSUSES SOCIAL CONDITIONS OUTCOMES
Stage 1: Birth to 1 year
Trust vs. Mistrust Will I get support for Provision of basic Become hopeful or
what I need? needs; support optimistic

Can I trust the world? Deprivation, lack of Becomes fearful

support, inconsistency

Stage 2: 2 to 3 years
Autonomy vs. Shame Can I already do things Support; patience Develops self-
and doubt on my own? confidence; sense of
security

Should I depend on Lack confidence/ Feels inadequate;

others? support; overprotection becomes dependent
 STAGE ISSUSES SOCIAL CONDITIONS OUTCOMES
Stage 3 : 3 to 5 years
Initiative vs. Guilt Can I be Opportunity; Develops sense of
independent? encouragement purpose

Am I good? Lack of opportunity;

Am I bad? negative feelings Feels guilty
Stage 4: 6 to 11 years
Industry vs. Inferiority Do I have the skill to Good Education/ training; Becomes industrious;
adjust? good models develops self-
confidence
Am I already
competent? Lack of training/ direction/ Develop sense of
Am I worthy or not? support inferiority
Stage 5 : 12 to 18 years (Adolescence)
Identity vs. Identity Who am I? Clear sex models; good sense Develops Identity
Diffusion of stability; positive feedback
What are my
Confusing purpose; vague
beliefs? Values? Identity Crisis; role
expectation; unclear
Feeling? feedback confusion
 STAGE ISSUSES SOCIAL CONDITIONS OUTCOMES
Stage 6: 19 to 40 years (Early Adulthood)
Intimacy vs. Isolation Should I get into a Understanding, trust, Is able to love and
relationship? acceptance commit

Or should I stay single? Loneliness; exclusion loneliness; depression

Stage 7 : 40 to 65 years (Middle adulthood)
Generativity vs. What is my contribution Productivity; purposeful Feels productive
Stagnation in this world?

Will I produce something Lack of opportunity;

valuable or relevant? enrichment Feeling unproductive;
stagnant
Stage 8: 65 years –up (Late Adulthood)
Integrity vs. Despair Have I lived a full life? Sense of closure; clear Feels complete; has
attainment of direction sense of achievement

Am I contented with Lack of completeness; Feels dissatisfied with

what I have achieved in dissatisfaction life; in despair
life?
“ The more you know yourself, the
more patience you have for what
you see in others.”

Erik Erikson