Lesson 8: Installingand Configuring Computer Systems

LESSON 8: INSTALLINGAND
CONFIGURING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
LO 1. Assemble computer hardware
LO 2. Prepare installer
LO 3. Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/devices
LO 4. Install application software
LO 5. Conduct testing and documentation
Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
The basic parts of a computer are the system unit, monitor, keyboard
and mouse. Printers, loudspeakers, microphone and camera are called
peripherals.

Block Diagram of a Computer System

Components of theCPU
The primary components of a CPUare the following:
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) that performs mathematical, logical, and
decision operations; and the
CU(Control Unit) directs all of the processors operations.

System Unit
The system unit contains the main components such asthe:
Motherboard
Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Internal Storage
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Power Supply
Sound Card
Video Card
Network Interface Controller (NIC)
Monitor
The monitor works with video card. It displays theimages processed by
the computer. The types of monitor are:
LED – Light-Emitting Diode

LCD– Liquid Crystal Display
CRT– Cathode Ray Tube

• Keyboard
• The keyboard is an input device that allows you to communicatewith
the computer.

Mouse
The mouse is another input device that allows you to communicate
with your computer. It is also known as pointing device, which lets you
point, click and move objects on the screen.
Another device that works like a mouse is the touchpad, which canbe
found in laptops.

MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the main board of a computer. It holds together
many essential components of a computer such as the CPU, RAM and
input/output connectors.
Joel L. Tiemsin / CompFuigtuerreS8y.s5t:eMmosthSeerrbvoiacrindg

MOTHERBOARD ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and I/O operations of a
computer system

Random Access Memory (RAM)
• RAM is a volatile memory.
• All stored information in RAM is lost when there is nopower.
• RAM is used by the CPUwhen a computer is running to store
information that it needs tobe used very quickly.

Video Card
• The video card is an expansion card that allows the computer to
send graphical information to a video display device such as a
monitor, TV, orprojector.

Sound Card
• The sound card is an expansion card that allows the computer to
send audio information to an audio device, like speakers, a pair of
headphones

Network Interface Card (NIC)
• The NIC is what provides the hardware interface between a
computer and a network.

North Bridge
• Fast end of the hub. Containing the graphics andmemory
controller connecting to systembus.
• Hard disk data goes to the CPUthrough the North bridge

South Bridge
• Slower end of the hub. Containing the I/O controller hub
• Mouse, keyboard and other external data flows to the CPUusing
the South Bridge.

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
• CMOSis a special memory chip where BIOS configuration are
stored.
The BIOS, or "Basic Input/output System", is
special firmware stored in a chip on your
computer'
motherboard. It is the first program that runs every time you
turn on yourcomputer. s

Bridges
Bridges manage how data and

instructions are transferred
between the CPU, memory and
other devices.

HARD DISK DRIVE(HDD)
A hard disk drive is a non-volatile memory hardware device that
permanently stores and retrieves data on acomputer.
• Stores data permanently
• Secondary storage of a computer system
Figure 8.6: Hard Disk Drive

POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
The PSU or power supply unit provides electrical energy for the entire
system. It converts 120-220v AC to low-voltage DC power for the
internal components of acomputer.
F i g ure 8 .7: P o we rS up p ly
Jo e l L. T ie m s i n/ C o mputerSystemsServicing
OPTICAL DISK DRIVE, CD/DVD DRIVE
The optical disk drive is a medium that reads and writes files to a disc
using LASER light or electromagnetic waves. It allows you to use CDs,
DVDs, and Blu-ray discs to listen to music or watch a movie, create your
own CDsor create a backup copy of your importantfiles.
Figure 8.8: Optical Disk Drive

INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE)
The Integrated Drive Electronics or IBM Disc Electronics, IDE is more
commonly known as ATA(Advanced Technology Attachment) or Parallel
ATA(PATA). It is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drives and
CD or DVD drives. It is used to connect drives directly into the
motherboard.
Figure 8.11 IDE

SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT
SATA 1.0 was first released in August 2001 and is a

replacement for the Parallel ATA interface used in
IBM compatible computers. Serial ATAis capable of
delivering 1.5 Gbps (1500 MBps) of performance
to each drive within a disk array.
Figure 8.12: SATA

Design a block diagram of a computer system
with the followingcomponents:
1. Input and outputdevices
2. Essential parts of a computer system that
can be found inside the system unit.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Input Devices Internal parts of acomputer Output Devices
system
SCORING: ANSWERS=20, WORKMANSHIP=5, TOTAL=25PTS.
INPUT DEVICES
KEYBOARD MOUSE MICROPHONE
MUSIC/VIDEO PLAYER CAMERA

TOUCHSCREEN MOBILE PHONE
SCANNER CT-SCAN EQUIPMENT TOUCH PAD
DRAWING PAD

INTERNAL PARTSOFA COMPUTERSYSTEM
HARD DISK DRIVE CENTRAL RANDOM ACCESS

MOTHERBOARD SOLID STATE DRIVE MEMORY
PROCESSING UNIT
NORTH BRIDGE
SOUTH BRIDGE
VIDEO GRAPHICS NETWORK
POWER SUPPLY CMOS
CARD INTERFACE CARD SOUND CARD
IDE/SATA CABLES
CPU AND SYSTEM FANS
HEATSINK

OUTPUT DEVICES
MONITOR INK PRINTER HEADPHONE
PROJECTOR
SPEAKER FAX MACHINE 3D PRINTER

Computer Hardware and Software
Computer hardware is the electric, electronic and mechanical

equipment that makes up a computer. In other words, hardware refers
to the physical parts of a computer while computer software refers to
the collection of codes/programs thathelp you perform specific tasks.
The table 1 below shows some of the examples of computer hardware

and software. Complete the table below by identifying some computer
hardware and software that were not included in the list.

The table 1 below shows some of the examples of computer hardware
and software. Complete the table below by identifying some computer
hardware and software that were not included in the list.
Hardware Software
1.Monitor 1. Operating System
2. Mouse 2. Office Applications
3. Keyboard 3. Antivirus
4. Motherboard 4. Web browsers
5. Hard Drive 5. Photo editing software

Hardware and software can be differentiated asfollows:
Hardware Software
Can be touched and feel. Cannot be touched.
Created using physical materials. Created by writing programs using
programming languages.
Hardware is not affectedby Software can be affected by
computer viruses. viruses.
Users cannot create duplicate Users can create duplicate copies of
copies of hardware. software.
Hardware cannot be transferred Software can be transferred
electronically through a network. electronically through anetwork.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE
A computer without a software is valueless. Software makes a

computer perform operations. The diagram below shows the
classification of software.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software are computer programs which facilitate the

use of computer by the user and to provide a platform for the
application software. These programs perform standard tasks
such as organizing and maintaining data files, translating
programs written in various languages to a form that is
acceptable to the hardware, scheduling jobs as well as aiding
in other areas of computeroperations.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software is a program designed for the users to perform

specific tasks. (Ex. MS Office, Adobe Suite, Web Browsers)
Figure 8.14: Application Software: Microsoft Office 2016

Operating System
(System Software)
An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially

loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other
programs in a computer. (Ex. Windows 10 Professional, Windows 7)
Figure 8.15: Operating System: Windows 10

System Development Software
(System Software)
System development software are programs used in programming,

documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and
maintaining applications and frameworks resulting in a software
product. (Ex. PHP,Pascal, Java,Python, and C++)

Figure 8.16: System Development Software: Java
Utility Programs
(System Software)
Utility programs are small, powerful programs with a limited

capability, they are usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth
running of the computer system. Examples are file management,
diagnosing problems and finding out information about the computer
etc. Notable examples of utility programs include copy, paste, delete,
file searching, disk defragmenter, disk cleanup. However, there are
also other types that can be separately installable from the Operating
System. (Ex.Antivirus, Registry Cleaners)

User Developed Program
(Application Software)
End-user development (EUD) or end-user programming (EUP) refers to

activities and tools that allow end-users (people who are not
professional software developers) to program computers. People who
are not professional developers can use EUD tools to create or modify
software. (Ex: Spreadsheets, Visual Basic, scripting languages
(particularly in an office suite or artapplication), and programming.)
Figure 8.18: User Development Program: Visual Basic

Application Package
(Application Software)
Bundle of two or more computer programs that together address a

specific business need. For example, an 'illustration package' might
include a drawing program, photograph manipulation program, page
setting program, and a color matching and output control (printing)
program.
FiJgouerelL8.1T9ie:Ampspinlic/atCioonmPpaucktaegreS:yNstikeomnsPSheortovicEidnitgor
ASSEMBLING A COMPUTER SYSTEM
In this chapter, you will be assembling a functional computer system

with the minimum number of hardware. You need to have all the tools
and parts needed in the assembling process which will take you about
30 minutes to 1 hour.
When buying computer parts, you have to make sure that all parts are
compatible with each other to avoid problems due to hardware
incompatibility. Therefore, it is safer to buy computer parts in
“barebones kit” where most of the computer parts, if not all, can be
bought together like the system case, motherboard, power supply,
CPU,hard drive andmemory.

STEPS INASSEMBLING A BASIC COMPUTER
1. Prepare all the computerparts

Computer Case CPU Fan
Motherboard Heatsink
HDD/SSD
SATA cables
CPU
Power Supply IDE cables
Memory sticks CD/DVD Drive
System Fan Card reader
Assortment of screws

2. Gather all the tools andMaterials
• Flat-head and Philips screw driver
• Wire cutter and stripper
• Needle-nose plier
• Hex Wrench
• Thermal Paste /Heatsinkcompound
• Grounding Strap
Warning: Do not substitute tools. Using of incorrect tools can cause
equipment damage, computer parts damage and bodilyinjury.

3.Open the computer case by sliding the side panel backward. You
need to unscrew the screws that hold theside panel before you can do
this.
4.Ground yourself. Wear the anti-static wrist strap on your wrist and
connect the other end of it on the computer case.
5.Mount the CPUin the CPUslot of the motherboard. Take note of the
CPU’s correct orientation.

6.Mount the motherboard in the computer case. Use standoffs to
elevate the motherboard and allowing a space between the
motherboard and the case. Don’t forget to align the motherboardto
the I/O bezel plates at the back your computercase.
7.Mount the RAM sticks. Take note of the proper orientation and
mounting of RAM.
8.Mount the drives – HDD or SSD,optical disk drive and cardreader.

9.Mount the CPUheatsink, CPUfan and system fan. Don’t forget to
add thermal paste before mounting the heatsink on theCPU.
10.Mount the power supply. Make sure that the powersupply is in

correct orientation.
11. Connect the data cables from the motherboard tothe hard drives.

12. Connect the power cables to the motherboard and to the different
drives – HDD/SDD, CD/DVD drive and cardreader.
13. Connect all other cables/wires - power switch, USBports and

speakers.

14. Recheck your work for any discrepancies before testing your device.
15. The next step after the assembling is the installation of operating
system.

Data Cable
HDD
Data Cable
ODD MOTHERBOARD
24-PINATX
4-PIN ATX POWE
CARD Data Cable
R
READER
SUPPLY
Power Cable
Simple Wiring Connection Layout of a Computer System

START
PC ASSEMBLING GUIDE
Mount the
Mount the CPU Mount the RAM Mount the
motherboard to
to the CPUslot. CPUFAN/H-Sink Power Supply
the systemcase.
Connect the
Connect the Connect the Mount the HDD,
front panel
Power Cables Data cables ODD andFDD
cables/wires
Recheck your YES

Mount the side Test the
work. Fix if Functional? END
cover. computer
there are errors.
NO

OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
When installing an operating system on your computer, it is important

to consider the following:
1. Check the system requirement of the operating system that you

want to install in your computer. Most Windows installations require at
least 1GBRAM and at least 10-20 GBhard disk space.

2. Decide whether to purchase from a distributor or to download from
Microsoft website.
• If you decided to purchase from a distributor, you should have
received an installation disc along with your product code.
• If you don’t have a disc but have a valid product code, you can
download a copy of the disc online and burn the disc image to a disc
or copy to a bootable USBdrive.

HOW TO CREATE A BOOTABLE USB USING CMD?
The information below shows the step-by-step procedure on how to

create a bootable USBdrive without using any third partysoftware.
Step 1: Using DISKPART command

1. Insert your USBstorage in your runningcomputer.

2.Access Command Prompt application by typing 'CMD' in the search
box of the Windows Start Menu.
3. From the search’s result, right click on the Command Prompt

application and select "Run as administrator".

4. Type 'diskpart' in CMD (without quotes) and press the enter key.
Wait for a while until the DISKPARTprogram runs.

5. When at DISKPART, type 'list disk' and press the enter key. This will
show the active disks as Disk 0 for hard drive and Disk 1 for your USB
flash drive including their total capacity.

6. The list disk command shows that disk 1 is the USB storage. Type
'select disk 1' to confirm that disk 1 will be processed in the next step
and then press Enter key.

7.Type 'clean' and press Enter to remove all of data in the selected
drive (disk 1).
8.Type 'create partition primary' and press enter key. This will create a
primary partition which will be recognized by Windows as 'partition 1'.
9.Type 'select partition 1' and press the enter key. This action prepares
‘partition 1' to be set as an active partition in the next step.

10.Type 'active' and press Enter key. This activates current partition as
active.
11.Type 'format fs=ntfs quick' and press the enter key. This formats the
current partition asNTFSfile system.
12.Type 'exit' and press the enter key. This will make you exit from the
DISKPART program. Don't close the Command Prompt instead. We
would still need it fornext process.

Step 2: Creating Boot Sector
1.Let’s assume that the flash / USB storage is in D: drive and the DVD
installer located on drive F:. The first step, we will navigate Command
Prompt to set installation DVDasits active directory.
2.By default, Command Prompt's active directory for Administrator

permission is on C:\Windows\System32>. We will navigate Command
Prompt to set on DVD (F:) as its active directory. Just type ‘F:' then
press the enter key. This will change the active directory to F:.

3. Type boot' and press Enter key. Active directory changed
'cd to
F:\boot>.
4.Type 'bootsect /nt60 d:' and press the enter key. This creates a boot
sector on D: drive (USBflashdrive).
5.When done, type 'exit' and press the enter key to close the
Command Prompt. In this step, you were able to create a bootable USB
drive.

Step 3: Copying Installation Files
1. To install Windows from a bootable USB drive, we just need to copy

the whole installation files contained on the DVD installer to flash
drive. To do this, open the Command Prompt as in previous steps.
Once it opens, type the command below and press the enterkey:
where, /E = Copies directories and subdirectories including empty ones

/H = Copies hidden and system files
/F = Displays full sourceJoaen d d es ti na tiotnrSfysilteemnsSaemrviceinsg while copying
l L. Tie m si n/C o mpu e
Step 3: Copying Installation Files
2. Wait until all the files in the DVD installer copied to the flash drive.
Now bootable USB drive is ready to be used for installing Windows
from flash drive.

HOW TO CREATE A BOOTABLE FLASH DRIVE USING RUFUS?
1. Prepare the following:

1. Disc Image (Windows or Ubuntu)
2. Rufus Utility (https://rufus.akeo.ie/)
3. At least 8GB FlashDrive
2. Insert the flash drive in thecomputer.

3. Run Rufus utility
4. When in Rufus interface,
identify the device to be
used as bootable
5. Select the NTFSFileSystem.
6. Locate the ISO image by
clicking the CDicon.
7. Click START
Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing Figure 8.20: Rufus 2.10 Interface

Windows 7Installation System Requirements
• 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64)processor*
• 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GBRAM (64-bit)
• 16 GBavailable hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB(64-bit)
• DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 7 OPERATING SYSTEM USING ACD
INSTALLER
The steps below shows the installation procedure of Windows 7 in a

computer with no operating system. The same process can be applied
when installing latest versions of Windows operating system like
Windows 10.
1. Turn “ON” your PCand insert the CDinstaller in the CDdrive.

2. Restart your PCin order to access the BIOSwhile booting.

3. During the booting process quickly press Del, Esc, F1, F2, F9 or F12
(depending on the computer) continuously until the BIOS setup
appears on the screen.
4. Once in BIOS setup, navigate to BOOTSequence and press enter.
5. Change the boot sequence:
Select CDas the priority drive when booting.

6. After setting the priority drive in the boot sequence, exit by
pressing the ESCkey and save all the changes that you havemade.
7. Let your PCcontinue the booting process.
8. When your PCasked you to “press any key to boot from CD”, press
any key. This will start the setup process.

9. During the installation process, you will be required to choose the
language, time, currency and keyboard format of yourPC.
10. Set the correct formats then click NEXT. This stage cannot
be undone so make sure that you have selected the correct
formats.

11. Click INSTALL NOW to install Windows 7 operatingsystem.

12. Accept the Microsoft license terms by ticking on thebox and click
NEXT.

13. Select the CustomInstallation.

13. Select the drive where you want to install Windows 7.
1. If you want to add partition on your drive, click Drive Options.
2. Select NEW.
3. Define the size of the drive and clickOK.

14. Click NEXTto continue with the installation process. This will takea
few minutes to finish.

15. When all the files were installed, your PC will reboot. Do not press
any key while your PC is booting. Let it boot completely until the
User Settings appears on the screen.

16. Add your username and password then click NEXT.

17. The next step is the activation of your software. You can do this by
entering the product code that comes with your purchased
Windows 7 software.
18. Complete the installation by giving the desiredinformation
requested by your PC.
19. Restart your PCand access your BIOS again by pressing Del, Esc, F1,
F2, F9 or F12 (depending on the computer).
20. This time set your BIOS to boot from you PC’s hard drive.
21. Congratulations! You have installed Windows 7 operatingsystem.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 7 OPERATING SYSTEM USING BOOTABLEUSB
1. The steps bellows shows the installation procedure of Windows 7 in a

computer with no operating system.
2. Insert your USBinstaller and turn “ON” your PC.
3. Quickly press Del, Esc, F2, F9 or F12 (depending on the computer)
continuously until the BIOS setup appears on the screen.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 7 OPERATING SYSTEM USING BOOTABLEUSB
4. Change the boot sequence

• Select USBas the priority drive whenbooting.
Note: The procedure of changing the priority drive can be seen at the bottom
part of the BIOS interface.

5. After setting the priority drive in the boot sequence, exit by
pressing the ESCkey and save all the changes that you havemade.
6. Let your PCcontinue to boot.
7. Once you PCasked you to “press any key to boot from CD” (USB),
press any key. This will start the setup process.
Install: Windows 7 Professional KMS x86

8. During the installation process, you will be required to choose the
language, time, currency and keyboard format of yourPC.
9. Set the correct formats then click NEXT. This stage cannot
be undone so make sure that you have selected the correct
formats.

9. Click INSTALL NOW to start the installation of Windows 7 operating
system.

10. Accept the Microsoft license terms by ticking on thebox and click
NEXT.

11. Select Custom Installation.

12. Select the drive where you want to installWindows 7.
• If you want to add partition on your drive, click Drive Options.
• Select NEW.
• Define the size of the drive and clickOK.

13. Click NEXTto continue the installation process. This will take afew
minutes to finish.

14. When all the files were installed, your PCwill reboot. Do not press
any key while your PCis booting. Let it boot completely until the
User Settings appear on the screen.
15. Add your username and password and click NEXT.
admin
Psd19664

16. The next part is the activation of your software by entering the
product code that comes with your purchased Windows 7 software.
17. Complete the installation by giving the desiredinformation
requested by your PC.

18. Restart your PCand access your BIOS again by pressing Del, Esc, F2,
F9 or F12 (depending on thecomputer).
19. This time set your BIOS to boot from you PC’s hard drive.
20. Congratulations! You have successfully installed a Windows 7
operating system.

Lesson 8: Installingand Configuring Computer Systems

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LESSON 8: INSTALLINGAND

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

LED – Light-Emitting Diode

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / CompFuigtuerreS8y.s5t:eMmosthSeerrbvoiacrindg

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Bridges manage how data and

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Figure 8.6: Hard Disk Drive

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Figure 8.8: Optical Disk Drive

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Figure 8.11 IDE

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

SATA 1.0 was first released in August 2001 and is a

Figure 8.12: SATA

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

KEYBOARD MOUSE MICROPHONE

MUSIC/VIDEO PLAYER CAMERA

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

HARD DISK DRIVE CENTRAL RANDOM ACCESS

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

MONITOR INK PRINTER HEADPHONE

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Computer hardware is the electric, electronic and mechanical

The table 1 below shows some of the examples of computer hardware

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

A computer without a software is valueless. Software makes a

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

System software are computer programs which facilitate the

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Application software is a program designed for the users to perform

Figure 8.14: Application Software: Microsoft Office 2016

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially

Figure 8.15: Operating System: Windows 10

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

System development software are programs used in programming,

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Utility programs are small, powerful programs with a limited

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

End-user development (EUD) or end-user programming (EUP) refers to

Figure 8.18: User Development Program: Visual Basic

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

Bundle of two or more computer programs that together address a

In this chapter, you will be assembling a functional computer system

Joel L. Tiemsin / ComputerSystems Servicing

1. Prepare all the computerparts