Deworming & Vaccination in

Animals: Cattle, Pig, Goat,

Poultry and Dog

Presented by: L-2015-V-85-B, L-2015-V-86-B,

L-2015-V-87-B, L-2015-V-89-B, L-2015-V-90-B,
L-2015-V-92-B, L-2015-V-93-B, L-2014-V-01-B
What is a vaccine?
• A vaccine is a non-pathogenic antigen that mimics a particular
pathogen in order to elicit an immune response as if that actual
pathogen were in the body.
• The overall goal of a vaccine is to establish immunity against
that particular pathogen.
Why is vaccination important?
 Types of Vaccines

Inactivated vaccine Live attenuated vaccine Anti-toxins Subunit/Recombinant

ex. Rabies, Leptospira, ex. Rotavirus, Influenza ex. Diphtheria toxoid ex. Canine Distemper,
Bordetella Kennel cough Botulinum toxoid Newcastle,
Tetanus toxoid Pseudorabies
Live attenuated vaccine
Advantages:
• Elicits a strong immune response
• Repeated doses not required

Disadvantages:
• Can revert back to virulence
• Must keep cold chain
Inactivated vaccine
Advantages:
• Will not revert back to virulence
• Cold chain not required

Disadvantages:
• Multiple boosters required
• Immune response not as strong
Anti-toxins
Advantages:
• Toxoids are inactivated form of toxin meaning they cause no harm
• Stable and long lasting

Disadvantages:
• Require an adjuvant
• Require multiple dose to have a proper response
Subunit vaccine
Advantages:
• Can distinguish infected animal from vaccinated animal
• Does not revert back to virulence

Disadvantages:
• Adjuvant is necessary
• Multiple doses required
VACCINE HANDLING
Being biological in nature, vaccines are sensitive to
environment.

Storage
 40°F(4°C)
 Don’t freeze
 Don’t subject to freeze- thaw cycle

Improper vaccine handling = Vaccine Failure

 Transportation
 Ensure maintenance of cold chain
 Keep in dark covered container

Receiving vaccine
 check expiry date
 Protect vaccine from contamination
VACCINE FAILURE

Primary vaccine failure

• when animal fails to produce antibodies at

detectable level.
Vaccine failure is when disease occurs in animal despite being vaccinated for it.

Secondary vaccine failure

• when animal does produce antibodies in response

to vaccination but level declines at a faster rate then
normal. It’s more frequent cause of vaccination
failure.
VACCINE FAILURE

CAUSES

 Incorrect administration
• As a result of injecting a vaccine into the layer of s/c fat, where
poor vascularity might result in slow mobilization and
processing of antigen.
 Correct administration
 Poor vaccine handling
 Wrong vaccine
 Bad timing- vaccination to protect
fetus half way through pregnancy.
 Animal fails to respond –
Immunosuppression
 genetics
nutrition
passive immunity
VACCINATION SCHEDULE IN
CATTLE AND GOAT
AGE VACCINE BOOSTER/REVACCINATION
1 Month Clovax (FMD) Booster to be given
2 Month Rakshavac T Annual
3 Month or above Raksharab Annual
4 Month 1 booster Clovax or Primary Booster to be given
Raksha Ovac/ Raksha biovac/
Raksha triovac

6 Months Raksha HS and BQ vaccine or Booster to be given

HS alum ppt vaccine

7 Months Brucella abortus str 19 vaccine Effective upto 5th gestation

10 Months 2nd booster Clovax Annual

13 Months Booster : Raksha Ovac/ Raksha Annual
biovac/ Raksha triovac

Lactating animal Hipramstivac (booster 1 6 months

month)
DOG Vaccination
General considerations :

1. No Universal schedule

2. Keep in mind passive immunisation

3. Certain parameters of CMI not fully mature until a

peak (6weeks)
Core vaccine:

All dogs, regardless of circumstances should receive.

Protects animal from life-threatening diseases having
global distribution.

Distemper + Hepatitis + Parvovirus + Rabies

Non-core vaccine:

Depends upon prevalence of infection in a particular

region

e.g., Leptospira + Bordetella

Pups from vaccinated mother

First dose @ 8-10 weeks (DHPPi+L)

Booster @ 12 weeks

Repeat annually.

Anti-rabies @ 3 months.
Pups from non-vaccinated mother

4 weeks – DHP

6 weeks – booster

8-10 weeks – DHPPi+L

12 weeks - booster

Repeat annually
Reasons for Vaccination failure :

Host

o Maternal Antibodies
o Parasitic load
o Immunosuppression
o Concurrent disease
o Malnutrition
o Stress
o Ageing
o Debility
o Incubation period of disease
Vaccine

o Improper handling
o Cold chain breakage
o Wrong administration
o Excessive attenuation/ improper concentration of
active particle.
Prerequisites:

 Healthy animal

 Prior deworming

 Normal temperature

 Vaccine to be administered

 Tuberculin syringe

 Sub-cutaneous administration
PIG Vaccination
 Schedule
S.no. Disease vaccine schedule Remarks

1 Swine fever Swine fever First dose Usually started after weaning
vaccine (PVVI, @3
Ludhiana months
Booster @
every 6
months
interval
2 Foot and Mouth Raksha ovac First dose Schedule depends upon the
disease (Indian @6 manufacturer’s guidelines
Immunologicals) months
1st booster
after 4
months
Repeat
every 6-9
months
 Cont.

3 Anthrax Spore vaccine, Once a Only in endemic areas

IAHVB, Bangalore year, pre-
monsoon
vaccine
4 Swine erysipelas First dose
@ 3-4
weeks
Booster
every 6-9
month
interval
5 Hemorrhagic Before
Septicemia monsoon
Repeat
every 6
months
Swine Fever vaccine

• For fattening (meat, pork purpose) and Breeding

pigs.

• Vaccine prepared by 2 methods :

1. Lapinized vaccine - from rabbit spleen

2. Pig Cell culture vaccine – in lab
POULTRY VACCINATION
VACCINATION SCHEDULE FOR POULTRY
Serial no. Age of Broiler Layer Disease Route of
vaccination administration

1 1st day Yes Yes Marek’s disease Intra muscular(I/M)

2 1st week Yes Yes Ranikhet (NEW Intraocular one drop
CASTLE
DISEASE)(F1
strain)
3 2nd to 3rd week Yes Yes Gumboro (IBD) Intraocular or in
drinking water
4 2-3rd week No Yes Infectious Intraocular
bronchitis(IB)
5 3-4 week Yes Yes Ranikhet 0.5 ml S/C or I/M
disease(F1
strain)
6 4th to 5th week No Yes Gumboro I/M
7 6 to 8th week No Yes Ranikhet (R2B 0.5ml S/C or I/M
strain)
CONTINUE….
Serial no. Age of Broiler Layer Disease Route of administration
vaccination
8 8 to 10th No Yes Pox Wing muscle
week
9 15 to 16th No Yes Infectious Intraocular and
week bronchitis Intranasal one drop
(IB)
10 16 to 18th No Yes Pox Wing muscle
week
11 18th week No Yes Ranikhet 0.5ml S/C and I/M
(R2B strain)
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

Ranikhet disease vaccine

For mesogenic strain
NEW CASTLE DISEASE VACCINE

BIOVAC
Live vaccine (Lasota strain)
GUMBORO DISEASE VACCINE

Administer orally or through

drinking water
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS

Administered
through
eye/ Nasal drops
INTRODUCTION TO DEWORMING
• What is deworming?
• Sometimes known as worming or drenching, is the giving of an Anthelmintic
drug(a wormer, dewormer, or drench) to an animal.
INTRODUCTION
• Deworming means removing worms from the digestive
system, particularly from the stomach, intestine and liver.
Deworming makes the animal more resistant to diseases. It
helps the animal grow faster, perform better and produce
better milk, meat and eggs.
• According to careful estimate, 42% animals are affected by
different types of worms.
• The worms in animals are more in those areas where animals
graze more,than in those areas where animals graze less.
IMPORTANCE OF DEWORMING
• Although specific estimates are not available, economic losses from
worm parasite infections of cattle can be significant.
• Internal parasites have the greatest impact on rate of gain when
cattle are on low energy levels which are typical of receiving or
backgrounding rations. Therefore, worming feedlot cattle when they
are processed into the feedlot will give the best returns.
IN DOGS AND CATS

• Puppies and kittens are susceptible to intestinal parasites which can include
roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms, and whipworms. Deworming your pet
will assist in the prevention of illnesses caused by these intestinal parasites.
• The main objective of antiparasitic products is to prevent and treat the
appearance of parasites in our dogs. Some of these antiparasitic products are
designed to, not only fight the appearance of external parasites but also other
infestations.
 CLASSIFICATION
• Four families of drugs for internal parasites
• 1. Benzimidazoles(white dewormers)-
• Albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, and oxfenbdazole
• 2. Imidazothiazoles – pyrantel, Levamisole, and Moratel
• 3. Macrolytic Lactones or Avermectins- Ivermectin(Ivomec),
Doramectin, and Moxidectin
• 4. Others- Praziquantel, Clorsulon
ADMINSTRATION
• Oral administration is preferred and with drenches
• Proper administration of the dose is required so the dose is delivered to the
rumen where it will be mixed with the ingesta and then distributed evenly
throughout the gastrointestinal tract
• The other form of oral administration is in feed products which does not
ensure that all animals will receive an effective dose because individual
animals utilize these products differently.
• Injections used are subcutaneous (under the skin)
• The main site for intramuscular injection is the muscle mass of
the neck.
• Pour-on treatments are simple to apply and can be effective
for large herds.
• Intra-Ruminal boluses. These types of wormers are
administered orally using product-specific equipment.
DEWORMING SCHEDULE
FOR VARIOUS SPECIES
DOGS AND CATS

Start as early as 2 weeks of age repeat after 15 days and then after 3 months
and then continue repeating after 6 months to prevent endoparasites.

For first 3 months administer drug as syrup

After weight is over 10 kg administer tablets.

CATTLE AND BUFFALO
• First dewormer dose to calves to be given between 10-14 days of age and
repeated monthly till 6 months of age.
• Administer dewormer to all animals above 6 months of age twice a year, once
at the beginning and another at the end of the rainy season.
• Pregnant animals should also be dewormed twice, 1st dose near its calving
time and the 2nd dose around 6-7 weeks after calving.
SHEEP & GOAT
HORSES
Age Recommended Deworming Medication
2 Months Iveremctin
4 Months Oxibendazole
6 Months Moxidectin with Praziquantal
8 Months Pyrantel pamoate
10 Months Ivermectin
12 Months Fenbendazole
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTS
Can a pregnant What should
animal be be frequency
of vaccination?
vaccinated or
dewormed?

What are the

adverse effects
Which animals related to
cannot be vaccination?
vaccinated?
Should a disinfectant
(alcohol) be applied to
the injection site
before administering
vaccine?

For how long can

reconstituted MLV
vaccine remain at
room temperature
without losing
activity?
 Should we
vaccinate
unaffected
animals during
FMD outbreak in
a village?
What is the
recommendation for
revaccinating a dog if
that patient has not
been properly
revaccinated within
recommended time?
 Should we
vaccinate a dog
presented with
temperature
>104F showing no
systemic signs?
If a puppy fails to
receive colostrum,
should it be vaccinated
during first few weeks
of life?
 Should we allow
animals to be
vaccinated if the
vaccinator does not
bring vaccine in ice
box?

How many doses of

vaccine should be
given to a dog older
than 14-16 weeks of
age presented for
initial vaccination?