• A structure essentially consists of two parts,

• the super structure which is above the plinth level

• the substructure which is below the plinth level.

• Substructure is also known as the foundation and this

forms the base for any structure.

• 30% of the total construction cost is spent on the

foundation.

• The soil on which the foundation rests is called the

“foundation soil”.
Building
Building

Foundation
 Building Materials
• Brick ---- Size of Brick 19cm x 9cm x 9cm.
• Stone
• Timber
• Glass
• Cement ---It use for Binding Purpose
• Aggregates –Fine Agg.(Sand) & Coarse Agg.
• Reinforcement/ Steel
• Mortar –It made up of Cement + sand + water
• Concrete –It made up of Cement + sand + Coarse
Agg. + Water
• What is PCC ? – Plain Cement Concrete
• What is RCC ? – Reinforced Cement Concrete.
R.C.C. Structure
Brick Masonry
Stone Masonry Structure
Wooden House
Steel Structure
Glass Structure
 FSI
• FSI stands for Floor Space Index
• FSI means the ratio between the area of a
covered floor (Built up Area) to the area of
that plot (land) on which a building stands.
• This numeric value indicates the total amount
of area (on all floors) you can build upon a
plot.