STAGES OF CONCRETE D.

HARISH NANDA KUMAR

CONSTRUCTION
CLEARING
• The clearing of the site should be completed by gathering all cut vegetation, stumps, roots and
large stones. All these should be removed from the work area .
LEVELLING
• Smooth out the ground with the flat side of a rake so that you have a level surface. Fill in any low
spots with soil..
MARKING ON SITE
• Site marking is one of the starting point of your construction.
• In this activity your Engineer and Meastri will identify pillar
placements. Once pillars placement is identified based on soil
condition earth work will start.
• Once pillars placement is identified based on soil condition
earth work will start.
• Engineer will mark the area around the pillar. Earth workers will
dig marked area
• Depending on soil condition pillar depth will vary.
• Some people perform puja before starting this marking.
• The easiest way to begin is to measure the width of the
foundation wall and mark it along the strings set out for two
opposite walls. Then set out a string between these two points
and fasten the ends with pegs. Use a plumb bob to be sure each
peg is directly beneath the outside foundation line.
EXCAVATION
• Excavation is the first step in soil preparation for concrete works. Depending upon the type of
structure, excavation is carried out. Additional 2 inches is added in the excavation for gravel if the
soil is normally moist or has a high concentration of clay.
FOOTING
• Footings are the most important part
of foundation construction. The purpose of
footings is to support the foundation, prevent
settling, and is crucial to providing the proper
support for the foundation and ultimately
the structure.
• Trenches are made on the site.
• They are typically made of concrete with
rebar reinforcement that has been poured into
an excavated trench. The purpose of footings is
to support the foundation and prevent
settling. Footings are especially important in
areas with troublesome soils.
COLUMN CASTING
• Columns are constructed on the pits
• Shuttering is made in the position of the column
• Pour the concrete in to the shuttering mould.
• Remove the shutter 7 – 10 days after casting
PLINTH BEAM
• The Plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam built between the wall and its foundation resting
on ground and transfer load of building structure to the foundation and soil. Over the plinth beam,
masonry work is started. And space between foundation and plinth beam filled with soil.
ROOF SLAB
CONSTRUCTION
• The design of a roof slab is based on the
thickness of slab, size of bars, distances
of bars, hooks, cranks and laps of bars,
minimum cover of concrete etc. The
concrete mix for the slab is normally
provided with volume and it's ratio
is 1:2:4 ( cement, sand and aggregate).
BLOCK MASONRY
WORK
• In building construction wall occurs
in various forms of masonry work
such as brick masonry, concrete
block masonry, hollow
cement concrete block masonry.
• The lintel is constructed on the
door and window to support the
masonry work over it,
• Sill level height up to the window
base, measuring from the floor
level to the window base. Sill is
horizontal plane base for
window which is mostly provided of
granite, concrete or tambour wood.