Professional Documents
Culture Documents
value of an organization
Unsafe practices
Unsafe conditions
Accident, and
Loss
Substandard performance
Miscompensated risks
Adverse reaction
Incurred costs
System-Induced Error
An accident occurs if a triggering event
occurs at a time when the innate error
tendencies of humans as determined by
performance influencing factor lead to an
error in an unforgiving environment
Fundamental Principles
Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity,
honor and dignity of the engineering profession
by
1 using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of human welfare;
2 being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers, and clients;
3 striving to increase the competence and prestige
of the engineering profession
Chemical Engineering Ethics
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Fundamental Canons
1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and
welfare of the public in performance of their professional
duties.
2 Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their
competence.
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective
and truthful manner.
4 Engineers shall act in professional matters for each
employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall
avoid conflicts of interest.
Chemical Engineering Ethics
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Fundamental Canons
5 Engineers shall build their professional reputations on the
merits of their services.
6 Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and
enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the
engineering profession.
7 Engineers shall continue their professional development
throughout their careers and shall provide opportunities
for the professional development of those engineers under
their supervision.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
Fatality is equivalent
to 24 worker years
OSHA Definitions
These “lost work
days” are not only
based on how long it
will take to recover
but also on the
individuals
diminished ability to
carry out the job
function
Injury and Loss Statistics
There are several different statistics
that have been defined and collected by
government and industrial agencies
OSHA Injury & Illness Rate
OSHA Injury&Illness Rate =
(# of Injuries&Illness*200,000)/(Total hrs all employees )
�50wk �
�40hrs �
WorkYear = � �
� �= 2000 hr
� wk � � yr � yr
OSHA Lost Workdays Incidence Rate
Same bases, but use lost workdays
�50 wk �
�40hr � �50 yr � 5 hr
WCareer = � �
� �
� �= 10
�wk � � yr � �career � career
� # Fatalities / yr �
FatalityRate = � �
�Total # PeopleExposed �
Causes of Accidental Death in US
Major causes of death in US
Accident Pyramid
Typically there are
numerous property
losses and minor
injuries for every
fatality
“An accident is
usually visible the
day before it
happens”
Risk
Risk is the product of the probability of the
occurrence of an accident and the severity of
the accident
The Chemical Processing Industry has the
possibility for severe accidents due to
operating conditions and materials
Engineers try to reduce the probability of
occurrence to reduce the risk
In the real world we have to accept some risks
Public Perceptions
Public Opinion Poll “Would
you say chemicals do more
good than harm, more
harm than good, or about
the same amount of each”
The Chemical
Manufacturers Association
(CMA) recently (2000)
changed its name to
American Chemists Council
(ACC) to avoid the word
“chemical”
Risk to Human Life Survey
You will rank which Causes of death
causes the greatest Handguns
Smoking
number of deaths
Motor Vehicles
each year Private Aviation
Each question is the Commercial Aviation
Alcoholic Beverages
same, only
Nuclear Power
decreasing rank Food Preservatives
Pesticides
Skiing
Risk to Human Life Survey
Start Internet Explorer
http://classes.che.umr.edu
LIBRIX Front Page
Give username and password
If first time, username is AFS Email
name and password is Student number
“Risk to Human Life” survey
LIBRIX
Go to “My Profile”
Change password to your choice so that
you can remember
Will use LIBRIX some more during the
semester.
In Class Assignment
The FAR for travel by car is reported as 57 while
that for travel by air is 240
�240deaths �
� 1hr � � 106 � deaths
Air - > � 8 �
� �
� �= 0.0096
� 10 hr � �250miles � MillionMiles
�MillionMiles �