Electric & Hybrid Powertrain

Sajeeth Kumar
Lecture 01 – The Need for xEV Powertrain
 Scope
Climate change and the future

• The problem with current powertrains

• Legislative requirements
• Solutions for sustainable alternative
Climate Change
The world we leave to our children
 Climate Change
Is it for Real?

• Progressively higher temperatures

over the last 20 years
• Government legislations – Control
at current levels at best
• Unprecedented climate patterns
 Climate Change
Snowfall in Sahara Desert – First time since 1979
 Climate Change
Greenland Glacier Loss
 Climate Change
Sea Temperatures & Cyclones
 Climate Change
It’s Real

• Last year – 10 Species went extinct – 1000-10000 time the natural rate
• Average sea level rise in 10 years has been 15-20 cms
• Cyclones are getting intense every year
• Texas cyclone Harvey released around 24.5 trillion gallons of rainwater
• Drinking water shortage across the world
 Climate Change
Reasons

• Green-house gases
• Water Vapor
• Carbon di-oxide
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
• CFCs
 Climate Change
Major Contributors

• Fossil Based Fuels

• Forest Cover Loss
Transportation Sector
Automobiles & Pollution
 Automotive Emissions
The hard-facts

• IC Engines – Fuel Conversion Efficiency of 27-30%

• Emissions – HC, CO, NOx & PM
• Approximately 1.1 billion vehicles in 2010
• Collectively contribute close to 30% of green house gases
• Inefficient because of personal transport
 Automotive Emissions
Legislation – BS6 Norms by April 2020

• NOx emissions cut by 25% for petrol and 68% for diesel vehicles
• 80% cut in PM for diesel vehicles
• RDE instead of Drive Cycles alone
• Future emissions norms touted to be more stringent
• VAG, Fiat, Mercedes – Diesel Gate Scandals
• Audi caught again with cheat devices
• Take away?
 Automotive Emissions
Challenges

• NOx emissions in Gasoline

• NOx emissions in Diesel
• Why TWC wont work
• NOx control
• Lean Burn
• Torque Requirement
• Methods Used
• SCR
• NOx Trap
• DPF
 Automotive Emissions
Challenges

• RDE
• BS6 Fuel Availability
• Diesel – Low Sulphur
• Engine Oil
• Bio – Fuels
• Ethanol Blend
• Challenges – Flex Fuel
• Component Changes
• Risks
 Automotive Emissions
Challenges

• Sustainable?
• Take Away
• Future of Diesel?
• Policy Changes?
• Oil Security
• Possible Solutions?
Electric Drivetrains
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
 Electric Drive
The Future?

• Electric Motors – Mature Technology

• Zero Emissions based on Electricity
Generation
 Electric Drive
The Future?

• Well-to-wheel efficiency
• Coal – 28%
• Oil – 21%
• Renewables – 71%
• Hydrogen – 30%
 Electric Drive
The Future?

• Tank-to-wheel efficiency – 3x greater

• Simpler and cheaper to maintain and run
• Low energy and power density VS liquid fuels
• Driving range
• Hybrid drives as a compromise
 Take-aways
The Future?

• Climate change – Ticking time bomb

• Push to shift to clean, efficient and sustainable transportation
• Electric vehicles – possible solution
• Hybrid electric vehicles – possibly ease the shift to electric drives
 Thank You!
In our next session:
Introduction to Electric Drives