Historical Perspective

of the Philippine
Educational System
PRE-MAGELLANIC/PRE-SPANISH EDUCATION

Education was;
oInformal
oUnstructured
oDevoid of methods

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 2
 eading
writing
ithmetic
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 3
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 4
SPANISH EDUCATION
The educational system was formal.
Teaching of Spanish language was
compulsory.
Education during that period was in
adequate, suppressed and
controlled.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 5
• It was for the elite.
• Educational Decree of 1863
– municipal government- one primary
school for boys and girls in each town.
– jesuits – normal school for male teachers.
• The tribal tutors were replaced by the
Spanish Missionaries.
• Religion-oriented.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 6
• The schools maintained by Spain for more than
three centuries were closed for the time being
but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the
Secretary of Interior.
• The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military
Academy of Malolos, and the Literary University
of the Philippines were established.
• Malolos Constitution established a system of free
and compulsory elementary education.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 7
• Taft Commission per instructions
of President McKinley - Free
primary instruction that trained
the people for the duties of
citizenship and avocation.
• English- medium of instruction

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 8
• 1901 - A highly centralized public school system
was installed.
• The implementation of this Act created a heavy
shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission
authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to
bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the
U.S.A. They were the Thomasites.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 9
• Philippine Commission – The high school
system supported by provincial governments,
special educational institutions, school of arts
and trades, an agricultural school, and
commerce and marine institutes were
established in 1902.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 10
• 1908 - the Philippine Legislature approved Act
No. 1870 created University of the Philippines.

• The Reorganization Act of 1916

-the Filipinization of all department

secretaries except the Secretary of Public
Instruction.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 11
• Military Order No. 2 in 1942 - Japanese
educational policies.
• The Philippine Executive Commission-
Commission of Education,
• Health and Public Welfare and schools
reopened in June 1942.
• On October 14, 1943, the Japanese - sponsored
Republic created the Ministry of Education.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 12
• Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character
Education was reserved for Filipinos.
– Love for work and dignity of labor was
emphasized
• February 27, 1945, the Department of
Instruction was made part of the Department
of Public Instruction.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 13
• 1947, by virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the
Department of Instruction was changed to
Department of Education.
– Bureau of Public and Private Schools-

regulation and supervision of public and private

schools.
• 1972- Department of Education and Culture by
virtue of Proclamation 1081.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 14
• 1978- Ministry of Education and Culture
in virtue of P.D. No. 1397.
-13 regional offices were created
-major organizational changes were
implemented

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 15
• The Education Act of 1982 - Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports
• 1987- Department of Education, Culture
and Sports in by virtue of Executive Order
No. 117.
• EO No. 117 -The structure of DECS as
embodied has practically remained unchanged
until 1994.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 16
•Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and
Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA)
– supervise tertiary degree
programs and non-degree
technical- vocational programs,
respectively.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 17
• The Congressional Commission on Education
(EDCOM) report provided the impetus for
Congress to pass RA 7722 and RA 7796 in
1994 creating the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) and the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA), respectively.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 18
• DECS’ - elementary, secondary and
non-formal education, including
culture and sports.
• TESDA- post-secondary, middle-
level manpower training and
development.
• CHED - is responsible for higher
education.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 19
• August 2001, Republic Act 9155,
(Governance of Basic Education Act)

– (DECS) to (DepEd)
– redefining the role of field offices (regional
offices, division offices,

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 20
• provides the overall framework for:
– school head empowerment by
strengthening their leadership roles.
– school-based management within the
context of transparency and local
accountability.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 21
• Goal of basic education: provide the
school age population and young
adults with skills, knowledge, and
values to become caring, self-
reliant, productive and patriotic
citizens.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 22
 SUMMARY OF THE
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

YEAR OFFICIAL NAME HEAD OF LEGAL BASES

OFFICE
1863 Superior Commission Chairman Educational Decree
of Primary Instruction of 1863
1901-1916 Department of Public General Act No. 74 of the
Instruction Superenten- Philippine
dent Commission, Jan 21,
1901
1916-1942 Department of Public Secretary Organic law of 1916
Instruction (Jones Law)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 23
 YEAR OFFICIAL NAME HEAD OF LEGAL BASES
OFFICE
1942-1944 Department of Commissioner Renamed by the
Education, Health & Japanese exec.
Public Welfare Commission, June 11,
1947
1944 Department of Minister Renamed by
Education, Health & Japanese Sponsored
Public Welfare Philippine Republic

1944 Department of Public Secretary Renamed by

Instruction Japanese Sponsored
Philippine Republic

1945-1946 Department of Public Secretary Renamed by

Instruction and Commonwealth
Information Government
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 24
 YEAR OFFICIAL NAME HEAD OF LEGAL BASES
OFFICE
1946-1947 Department of Secretary Renamed by
Instruction Commonwealth
Government
1947-1975 Department of Secretary E.O. No. 94 October
Education 1947
(Reorganization Act
of 1947)
1975-1978 Department of Secretary Proc. No. 1081,
Education and September 24, 1972
Culture
1978-1984 Ministry of Education Minister P.D No. 1397, June 2,
and Culture 1978

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 25
 YEAR OFFICIAL NAME HEAD OF LEGAL BASES
OFFICE
1984-1986 Ministry of Education, Minister Education Act of
Culture and Sports 1982
1987-2001 Dept. of Education, Secretary E.O. No. 117 January
Culture & Sports 30, 1987
2002- Department of Secretary R.A 9155
present Education

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 26
DEPED MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE

27
 The Department is organized into two
major structural components.

• Central Office
-maintains the overall
administration of basic education at the
national level.
• Field Offices
are responsible for the regional
and local coordination and
administration of the Department’s
mandate
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 28
In 2015, the Department underwent a
restructuring of its office functions and
staffing. Details of the new structure are
further explained in DO Series 2015
No. 52, also known as the New
Organizational Structures of the
Central, Regional, and Schools Division
Offices of the Department of Education.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 29
At present, the Department operates with four (4)
Undersecretaries in the following areas:

• Curriculum and Instruction

• Finance and Administration
• Governance and
Operations
• Legal and Legislative Affair

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 30
 Four (4) Assistant Secretaries are
assigned in the following areas:

• Curriculum and Instruction

• Finance and Administration
• Governance and Operations
• Legal and Legislative Affairs

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 31
Supporting the Office of the Secretary (OSEC) at the Central
Office are the different strands, services, bureaus, and
divisions.

There are five (5) strands under

OSEC:
• Curriculum and Instruction
• Finance and Administration
• Governance and Operations
• Legal and Legislative Affairs
• Strategic Management
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 32
 Five (5) attached agencies:

• Early Childhood Care and

Development (ECCD) Council
• National Book Development Board
(NBDB)
• National Council for Children’s
Television (NCCT)
• National Museum
• Philippine High School for the Arts
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 33
Three (3) coordinating councils:

• Adopt-a-School Program
(ASP) Coordinating Council
• Literacy Coordinating Council
(LCC)
• Teacher Education Council
(TEC)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34
 At the sub-national level, the Field
Offices consist of the following:

• Seventeen (17) Regional Offices, and the

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM*), each headed by a Regional
Director (a Regional Secretary in the case of
ARMM).
• Two hundred twenty-one (221) Provincial and
City Schools Divisions, each headed by a
Schools Division Superintendent. Assisting
the Schools Division Offices are 2,602 School
Districts, each headed by a District
Supervisor.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 35
Under the supervision of the Schools Division Offices
are 62,605 schools, broken down as follows:

• 49,209 elementary schools

(38,648 public and 10,561
private)
• 13,396 secondary schools
(7,976 public and 5,420
private)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 36