MASOOM KEDIA (1704440)

MAYANK KUMAR PRIYANSHU (1704441)

MEEKITA MAHARANA (1704442)
MOITRISHA SARKAR (1704443)
A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a
three-lead electronic
semiconductor device with only
one junction that acts exclusively
as an electrically controlled
switch.
The UJT is not used as a linear
amplifier.UJT is a breakover-type
switching device.
It is a special transistor that has
two bases and one emitter
• UJT consists of a bar of N-type silicon material (lightly-doped) and a
small amount of diffused P-type material (heavily-doped)
• An emitter terminal E is connected to the P material to form the PN
junction
• Two paths for current flow: B2 to B1; E to
B1
• Normally current does not flow in either
until Emitter voltage is about 10 volts
higher than B1 voltage
• The original unijunction transistor, or UJT, is a simple device that
is essentially a bar of n-type semiconductor material into which p-
type material has been diffused somewhere along its length,
fixing the device parameter (the "intrinsic stand-off ratio"). The
2N2646 model is the most commonly used version of the UJT.
• The complementary unijunction transistor, or CUJT, is a bar of p-
type semiconductor material into which n-type material has been
diffused somewhere along its length, defining the device
parameter . The 2N6114 model is one version of the CUJT.
• The programmable unijunction transistor, or PUT, is a multi-
junction device that, with two external resistors, displays similar
characteristics to the UJT. It is a close cousin to the thyristor and
like the thyristor consists of four p-n layers. It has an anode and a
cathode connected to the first and the last layer, and a gate
connected to one of the inner layers. PUTs are not directly
interchangeable with conventional UJTs but perform a similar
function. In a proper circuit configuration with two
"programming" resistors for setting the parameter , they behave
like a conventional UJT. The 2N6027, 2N6028[2] and BRY39
models are examples of such devices
 UJT OPERATION
1) When a voltage, called standoff voltage VP applied to
the emitter is about 10 volts higher than the voltage
applied to B1 , UJT turns on and current flows through
the B2-B1 path and from the emitter-B1 path.
2)Current will continue to flow through the UJT until the
voltage applied to the emitter drops to a point that is
about 3 volts higher than the voltage applied to B1
Common UJT circuit Pulse produced by capacitor
dischargeUJT Operation
3)When emitter voltage drops to this point,the UJT will
turn off and will remain off until the voltage applied to
the emitter again reaches a level about 10 volts higher
than the voltage applied to B1
• The characteristics of Unijunction Transistor (UJT) can be explained by three parameters:
• Cutoff
• Negative Resistance Region
• Saturation
• Characteristics Curve of Unijunction Transistor

• Cutoff
• Cutoff region is the area where the Unijunction Transistor (UJT) doesn’t get sufficient voltage to turn on. The applied
voltage hasn’t reached the triggering voltage, thus making transistor to be in off state.

• Negative Resistance Region

• When the transistor reaches the triggering voltage, VTRIG, Unijunction Transistor (UJT) will turn on. After a certain time, if
the applied voltage increases to the emitter lead, it will reach out at VPEAK. The voltage drops from VPEAK to Valley Point
even though the current increases (negative resistance).

• Saturation
• Saturation region is the area where the current and voltage raises, if the applied voltage to emitter terminal increases.
• The advantages of Unijunction Transistor include:

• low cost
• negative resistance characteristics
• Requires low value of triggering current.
• A stable triggering voltage
• Low power absorbing device
• The main disadvantage of Unijunction Transistor is its inability
to provide appropriate amplification
There are some important applications of UJT (uni-junction transistor) which are given below.

• The UJT is used in timing circuit.

• The uni-junction transistor (UJT) used as relaxation oscillator.
• It is used as voltage detector.
• The UJT is used for switching.
• It is widely used as triggering device for silicon control rectifier (SCR) and TRIAC.
• UJTs can also be used to measure magnetic flux.
• The UJT is used in phase control circuit.
• The UJT is used as saw tooth generator