Assignment 0 - Điện tử tương tự I

1. BJT and FET

1.1: BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor - Transistor lưỡng cực):
BJT is a type of three-block semiconductor device consisting of two
p- and n-type diodes that amplify and amplify the signal.
The three semiconductor blocks inside the BJT are the base (cực
gốc), emitter (cực phát) and collector (cực thu). When current is applied to
the base, it produces a larger current at the collector. The input signal at
the base is amplified and appears at the collector.
BJT is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and
electromagnetic holes as carriers.
There are two types of BJTs, NPN transistors and PNP transistors.

BJTs are often used in discrete circuits because of their good

conductivity, they are suitable for applications using high frequency circuits
and wireless systems. In addition, they are also used in signal
amplification.

1.2: FET (Field Effect Transistor - Transistor trường)

FET (Field Effect Transistor) is a type of transistor widely used in
electronic circuits. It is composed of two layers of N or P semiconductor
connected by a non-conductive area called the gate.
There are two main types of FETs, JFETs and MOSFETs.

The JFET uses a conduction gate (conductive because it has the form of a
semiconductor) to control the current flowing between two other leads.
MOSFETs use a field gate to control the current flowing between two other
leads.

The FET is controlled by the voltage applied to the gate. This voltage
creates an electric field in the non-conductive area and affects the current
flowing between the other two conductors.
1.3: Compare FETs with BJTs

Alike:
• Both are used to make amplifiers.
• Both are used as semiconductor switching devices.
• Can adapt to impedance circuits.
Different:
• BJTs are biased by current, and FETs are biased by voltage.
• BJTs have high gain, FETs have high input impedance.
• FETs are less sensitive to temperature, so they are often used in
integrated ICs.
• The interrupt state of FETs is better than that of BJTs.

2. Test
2.1: Curve tracer:
A curve tracer is a specialized piece of electronic test equipment
used to analyze the characteristics of discrete electronic components, such
as diodes, transistors, thyristors, and vacuum tubes.
 When a device is connected to a curve tracer, voltage and current are
applied to the component to create a curve that is representative of its
electronic characteristics. This curve is displayed on the screen of curve
tracer.

2.2: Transistor tester:

Transistor tester:
➢ Measure levels in network
➢ Test a number of elements.
Circuit: turn off power:
➢ Tester’s battery is not damaged
➢ Correct reading
=> Connect transistor: Terminal are identified and test light comes.
Any meter with a diode - checking capability can also be used to check the
states of a transistor
Collector open the base to emitter junction:
➢ Positive: base (red lead)
➢ Negative: emitter (black lead)
A reversal of the leads result in an 0 indication to represent the reverse –
biased junction
Emitter open, forward and reverse bias states of the base – to – collector
junction can be checked.
2.3: Ohmmeter: scales of a digital multimeter:
*NPN: forward-biased junction from B to E:

Reverse-biased base to collector

PNP, leads are reversed for each junction

Both junction: expected readings
Determine type => noting the polarity of leads as applied to the B-E
junction
(+) base
(-) emitter
=> low R (npn) or high R (pnp)

Determine leads (B, C, E) => look at the orientation of the leads.