STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Steel reinforcement – it is preassembled steel inside the form followed

by pouring of fresh concrete.
Reinforcing steel bar - A steel bar, usually with
manufactured deformations, used
in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength.
Steel - Any of a number of alloys of iron and carbon, with small
amounts of other metals added to achieve special properties. The
alloys are generally hard, strong, durable, and malleable.
BAR SPLICE, HOOK AND BEND
In estimating the quantity of steel reinforcing bars, one has to consider
the additional length for the hook, the bend and the splice whose
length varies depending upon the limitations as provided by the
National Building Code.

Types of Reinforcement Minimum Splice Length

1.Tension Bars 25 x Bar Size + 150 mm
2.Compression Bars 20 x Bar Size + 150 mm
GUIDE FOR BENDING AND CUTTING OF STEEL REINFORCING BARS
BASED ON THE DIAMETER OF BARS
IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL BARS
Commercial Length of Rebars
• 5m
• 6m
• 7.5m
• 9m
• 10.5m
• 12m
Special Length
• 13.5m
• 15m
1.MASONRY REINFORCEMENT
Considerations:
• Wastage
• Vertical and horizontal bars
• Longitudinal and traverse reinforcement for CHB wall footings
• G.I. Wire for tying reinforcing bars
Methods:
1.The Area Method
2.The Unit Block Method
From the figure shown,determine the number of 10cm.(4”) CHB and
the 10mm vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars required if it is
spaced at 80cm on center to center and one horizontal bars at every
three layers respectively.
By the Square Meter or Area Method
1. Solve for the area of the fence:
A=LXW
A=__
2. For vertical reinforcement spaced at 80cm:
*Refer to the table given
Total length of Rebars= Area x MF
=
3. Select the most economical length to avoid extra cut
Select:5m
therefore: 4pcs.10mm x 5m long
=20m
4.For Horizontal bars at every after 3 layers
*Refer to the table given
Total length of Rebars= Area x MF
5. Select the most economical:
4pcs 10mm x 5m long
1pc 10mm x 6m long

Order:
8pcs 10mm x 5m long
1pc 10mm x 6m long
By Unit Block Method
By the Square Meter or Area Method
1. Solve for the area of the fence and total number of CHB:
A=LXW CHB=
A=__
2. For vertical reinforcement spaced at 80cm:
*Refer to the table given
Total length of Rebars= No. of CHB x MF
=
3. Select the most economical length to avoid extra cut
Select:5m
therefore: 4pcs.10mm x 5m long
=20m
4.For Horizontal bars at every after 3 layers
*Refer to the table given
Total length of Rebars= No. of CHB x MF
5. Select the most economical:
4pcs 10mm x 5m long
1pc 10mm x 6m long

Order:
8pcs 10mm x 5m long
1pc 10mm x 6m long
Tie Wires for CHB Reinforcement
Continuing the problem
Vertical Reinforcement Spacing= 80cm
Horizontal Reinforcement spacing at every 3 layers
Area of the wall= 12sqm
1. Determine the no. of CHB
= 12 X 12.5
=
2.Refer to the table given,use 25cm long tie wire
Qty of GI Wire = No. of CHB X MF
2.FOOTINGS REINFORCEMENT
Considerations:
• Wastage
• Dimensions of columns and footings
• Minimum protective covering: 75 mm (underground)
• Hooks and Bends
• Spacing or number of bars in both directions
• G.I. Wire for tying reinforcing bars
From the figure given,determine the number of 12mm steel bars
required if there are 6 footings with a general dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 m
1. Determine the net length
NL= 1.5 - (0.075+0.075)
=
2.Find the number of cut bars by direct counting and consider the
number of footings
13x2= 26pcs/ footing
Total No.of Pcs = 26 x 6 =156pcs at 1.35m long
3. Select the steel bars whose length is economically cut into 1.35m
long. Consider 6m commercial length

6.00m
 4.44 pcs
1.35m
4. Get the total number of 6m commercial length

156
 39 pcs of 12mm x 6m long
4.0
Tie Wires foor Footing
1. Determine the number of Intersection

2.Total ties for 6 footings

3.Use 25cm (Standard Length) per tie wire

4. 1 kg of No. 16 GI wires is 53m long.
3.COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
Considerations:
Wastage
Main or Vertical Reinforcement
Lateral Ties
Spiral Ties for Circular columns
Lap-joints of end splices
Allowance for bending and hook
G.I Wire for tying bars
Additional length for the beam depth
and floor thickness.
LATERAL TIES – lateral reinforcement that hold the main or vertical
reinforcement in a position.

As per ACI CODE, the spacing of the ties shall not exceed:
1.16 x the longitudinal bar diameter
2.48 x lateral tie bar diameter
3.The least dimension of the column

Note: Choose the lowest value

From the following figure , list down the main reinforcement from the
footing to the second floor using 20mm if there are 10 columns in the
plan.
1. Determine the total length ...
a. Bend at the base footing ...
b. Length from the footing to ground floor ...
c. Height from ground line to beam ...
d. Depth of the beam ...
e. Thickness of the floor slab ...
f. Dowel for second floor ...
TOTAL LENGTH =
2. Select the economical length
3. Get the total number of rebars , it is stated in the problem that we
have 10 post.

4. Order:
Lateral Ties
Determine the spacing distance of the lateral ties for a tied column as
shown in the following figure
1. Determine the spacing using the three condition
a.16 x the longitudinal bar diameter
b.48 x lateral tie bar diameter
c.The least dimension of the column

2.Adopt the lowest value

The building has a series of 26 square columns having a cross sectional
dimensions of 30 x 30cm and 7.00m long with 8 pieces 20mm vertical
reinforcing bars for each column. Make an order of 10mm steel bars
required for making the lateral ties.
1. Determine the spacing of lateral ties
a.16 x the longitudinal bar diameter (20mm) =
b.48 x lateral tie bar diameter (10mm) =
c.The least dimension of the column(30cm)=

2. Adopt the lowest value:

3. Determine the number of lateral ties in one column:
4. The 23pcs is the distance between the lateral ties what we need is
the number of ties in one column,so we will add one to be exact.
23+1= 24 pcs

5.Solve for the total lateral ties of the 26 columns

6. Find the length of one lateral tie:

By inspection:
7. Determine the number of 1.20m cut from a 6.00m commercial
length steel bar

8. Divide the result of number 5 to number 7 to get the quantity of 6m

steel bar

Order:
Tie Wires for Column
1. Find the number of main reinforcement i one column multiplied by
the number of lateral ties

2. Find the total intersections in the 26 columns

3. Use 40cm long GI wire to get the total length in meters

4. One kilogram of No.16 GI wire is 53meter
4.BEAMS AND GIRDERS REINFORCEMENT
Considerations:
a.Main bars:
Overall span of the beam for continuous bars – should be reckoned
from the tips of the overhangs/s of free end of the opposite face of the
farthest support
Verify the positions of the splicing, if it is adjusted to the commercial
length. (NOTE: The lesser the splice, the lesser the expense)
Adjust the length according to the required bend and hook for short
bars or cut bars
b.Cut bars or short bars and Bend Bars
c.STIRRUPS – is the structural reinforcing member that holds or binds
together the main reinforcement of the beam or girder to a designed
position.
Types: 1. closed stirrups 2. open stirrups
Prepare a list of quantity of materials for the reinforcement of a beam.
The details of the beam are shown below. The column dimension is
0.25 m by 0.25 m. L1 = 5m ,Bend at the column= 0.2m
1. Get the total length
a. For top cut bars (6pcs)
Bend at the column = 0.2m
Length of Top bars (L1/4) = 5/4 = 1.25m
Total Length= 1.45
• Choose the economical length, lets try 6m
6/1.45 = 4.13pcs of 1.2m
neglect the .13
• Get the Total 6m length
6/4 = 1.5 or 2 pcs of 16mm x 6m long
b. For the cut bars at the midspan ( 3pcs)
• Total Length= 3L1/5 = (3)5/5 = 3m

• Choose the economical commercial length

Try 9m

Order: 1pc of 16mm x 9m long

Continious bar ( 4 pcs of top and bottom bars)
Total Length
L1 = 5m
Dimension of columns = 0.25 x2 = 0.50m
Total Length = 5.5

Order:
4 pcs of 16mm x 6m long
Stirrups (10mm)
By direct counting
18pcs of stirrups
• By observation
The length of each stirrup is 1m
• Choose the economical length
Try 6m
6/1 = 6pcs
Get the total number of 6m
18/6 = 3pcs of 10mm x 6m long
Order :
6pcs of 16mm x 6m
1pc of 16mm x 9m
3pcs of 10mm x 6m
Slab Reinforcement
• One Way L/S > OR = 2
• Two Way L/S < 2
One Way Slab
Determine the number of steel bars.

Spacing of main reinforcement = 15cm

Temperature bar spacing =30cm
Size of the diameter =12mm
1. Determine the floor area
A= L x W
2. Using 6.0m long steel bars at 15cm spacing distance Refer to the
table given
No. of pcs of 6m = A X MF

For GI Wires
= A x MF
Two way reinforcement bar
Determine the number of steel bars
Spacing of Main reinforcement = 10cm
1. Determine the floor area
A= L x W
2. Using 7.5m long steel bars at 10cm spacing distance. Refer to the
table given.
No. of pcs of 6m = A X MF

For GI Wires
= A x MF