Demonstration Involving

Magnetic Induction
What is Electromagnetic or Magnetic
Induction?
• Electromagnetic Induction is the process of
using magnetic fields to produce voltage, and in a
complete circuit, a current.

• Electromagnetic Induction was

first discovered way back in the 1830’s
by Michael Faraday.
• Faraday noticed that when he moved
a permanent magnet in and out of a
coil or a single loop of wire it induced
an ElectroMotive Force or emf, in other
words a Voltage, and therefore a
current was produced.
In 1831, Micheal Faraday formulated two laws on
the bases of experiments. These laws are called
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction.

• First law of Faraday’s Electromagnetic

Induction - state that whenever a conductor
are placed in a varying magnetic field emf are
induced which is called induced emf, if the
conductor circuit are closed current are also
induced which called induced current
• Second Law of Faraday’s Electromagnetic
Induction - state that the induced emf is equal
to the rate of change of flux linkages(flux
linkages is the product of turns, n of the coil and
the flux associated with it)
Magnetic Induction
• As the magnet moves back and forth a current is
said to be INDUCED in the wire.

Magnetic Flux
• The first step to understanding the complex
nature of electromagnetic induction is to
understand the idea
• Magnetic flux is any area that has a Magnetic
field passing through it.
Faraday’s Law
• Faraday’s Law tells us that inducing a voltage
into a conductor can be done by either passing it
through a magnetic field.
Useful Application
• The Forever Flashlight uses
the Faraday Principle of
Electromagnetic Energy to
eliminate the need for batteries.
The Faraday Principle states
that if an electric conductor,
like copper wire, is moved through a magnetic
field, electric current will be generated and flow
into the conductor.
Useful Application
• AC Generators use
Faraday’s law to produce
rotation and thus convert
electrical and magnetic
energy into rotational
kinetic energy. This idea
can be used to run all
kinds of motors.
Simple Generator using Magnetic
Induction

• The simple dynamo type generator above consists of a

permanent magnet which rotates around a central shaft
with a coil of wire placed next to this rotating magnetic
field. As the magnet spins, the magnetic field around the
top and bottom of the coil constantly changes between a
north and a south pole. This rotational movement of the
magnetic field results in an alternating emf being
induced into the coil as defined by Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
Lenz’s Law
• Lenz’s Law states that: ” the direction of an
induced emf is such that it will always opposes
the change that is causing it”.
• Lenz’s law is one of the basic laws in
electromagnetic induction for determining the
direction of flow of induced currents and is
related to the law of conservation of energy.
• Lenz’s law is derived from Michael Faraday’s
law of induction.
In summary
• Faraday’s Law is basically used to find the
MAGNITUDE of the induced EMF. The
magnitude of the current can then be found
using Ohm’s Law provided we know the
conductor’s resistance.

• Lenz’s Law is part of Faraday’s Law and can

help you determine the direction of the current
provided you know HOW the flux is changing
Electromagnetic Induction experiment
• To simulate Faraday’s experiment, click and drag
the Bar magnet back and forth inside of the coil.
• Observe that the voltmeter linked to the coil only
indicates the presence of a current when the magnet is
actually in motion, and that its needle deflects in one
direction when the magnet is moved into the coil and in
the opposite direction when it is dragged out of the coil.
• Also note the Magnetic field lines, depicted in blue,
emanating from the magnet, and how the direction of
the current (indicated in black arrows) changes
depending on which way the magnet is moving. As you
can observe, when the north end of the magnet enters
the coil, a current is induced that travels around the coil
in a counterclockwise direction; when the magnet is then
pulled out of the coil, the direction reverses to clockwise.
END
• https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-
academy/watch-
play/interactive/electromagnetic-induction