Learning Area General Physics 2 Grade Level Grade 12

W1
Quarter Fourth Quarter Date

I. LESSON TITLE Electricity and Magnetism

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT
1. Identify the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced emf and
the magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law)
2. Compare and contrast electrostatic electric field and non-
electrostatic/ induced electric field
Magnetic induction
Faraday’s Law
Alternating current, LC circuits, and other applications of magnetic induction

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 40 minutes)
In your Grade 10 lesson you had learned how electricity is related to magnetism, how electricity produces magnetism
and how magnetism produces electricity. In this lesson, you will study and learn the factors that affect the magnitude of the
induced electromagnetic force (emf) and the magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law).

Electromagnetic Induction was first discovered way back in the 1830’s by Michael Faraday. Faraday noticed that when
he moved a permanent magnet in and out of a coil or a single loop of wire it induced an emf, in other words a Voltage, and
therefore a current was produced. So, what Michael Faraday discovered was a way of producing an electrical current in a
circuit by using only the force of a magnetic field and not batteries. This then led to a very important law linking electricity
with magnetism, Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
So how does this work?
When the magnet shown below is moved “towards” the coil, the pointer or needle
of the Galvanometer, which is basically a very sensitive center zeroed moving-coil
ammeter, will deflect away from its center position in one direction only. When the
magnet stops moving and is held stationary with regards to the coil the needle of
the galvanometer returns back to zero as there is no physical movement of the
magnetic field.
Likewise, when the magnet is moved “away” from the coil in the other direction,
the needle of the galvanometer deflects in the opposite direction with regards to
the first indicating a change in polarity. Then by moving the magnet back and forth
towards the coil the needle of the galvanometer will deflect left or right, positive or
negative, relative to the directional motion of the magnet.

Electromagnetic Induction by a Moving Magnet

Faraday’s law of induction states that an electromotive force is induced by a change in the magnetic flux. Any
change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how
the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field
strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil
relative to the magnet, etc.

D. Development (Time Frame: 60 minutes)

Induced EMF
The apparatus used by Faraday to demonstrate that magnetic fields can create currents is illustrated in the following
figure. When the switch is closed, a magnetic field is produced in the coil on the top part of the iron ring and transmitted (or
guided) to the coil on the bottom part of the ring. The
galvanometer is used to detect any current induced in a
separate coil on the bottom.
It was found that each time the switch is closed, the
galvanometer detects a current in one direction in the coil
on the bottom. Each time the switch is opened, the
galvanometer detects a current in the opposite direction.
Interestingly, if the switch remains closed or open for any
length of time, there is no current through the galvanometer.
Closing and opening the switch induces the current. It is the
change in magnetic field that creates the current. More
basic than the current that flows is the electromotive force
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
(EMF) that causes it. The current is a result of an EMF induced by a changing magnetic field, whether or not there is a path
for current to flow.
So how much voltage (emf) can be induced into the coil using just magnetism. Well, this is determined by the following
3 different factors.
1). Increasing the number of turns of wire in the coil – By increasing the amount of individual conductors cutting through
the magnetic field, the amount of induced emf produced will be the sum of all the individual loops of the coil, so if there are
20 turns in the coil there will be 20 times more induced emf than in one piece of wire.
2). Increasing the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the magnet – If the same coil of wire passed through
the same magnetic field but its speed or velocity is increased, the wire will cut the lines of flux at a faster rate so more induced
emf would be produced.
3). Increasing the strength of the magnetic field – If the same coil of wire is moved at the same speed through a stronger
magnetic field, there will be more emf produced because there are more lines of force to cut.
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Learning Task 1:
Download the simulation activity.
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law
Steps: (Offline Simulation)
A. Click on the field lines option to see how the magnetic field
lines look as you move the magnet.
B. Click on the magnet and drag the magnet through the
loop of wire.
C. Change the speed and reverse the magnet. Repeat
procedure B.
I. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you observe on the Galvanometer as the magnet goes through the loop of wire?
2. Turn the magnet around using the button at the bottom. How does reversing the magnet change the readings on the
galvanometer?
3. Make an observation of the Galvanometer reading in terms of the amount of magnetic field lines going through the
loop of wire.
II. Based from your simulated experiment, answer the T/F questions below. Remember, emf is another name for voltage.
1. The magnitude of the induced emf (electromotive force) depends on the speed of the bar magnet.
2. The mere presence of the bar magnets field induces an emf in the coil.
3. The direction of the induced emf depends on the speed of the magnet.
4. The direction of the induced depends on which pole (N/S) moves toward the coil.
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 40 minutes)

Electromagnetic induction is put into practical use in the construction of electrical generators which use mechanical
power to move a magnetic field past coils of wire to generate voltage. However, this is by no means the only practical use
for this principle.
Real-life applications of Faraday's Law
Choose one of the following devices and do some research on the internet, or in a library, how your device works. You will
need to refer to Faraday's Law in your explanation.
• induction stoves
• tape players
• metal detectors
• transformers
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer based on what you have learned in this lesson.
1. Can you produce current in a wire with a magnet that is sitting still?
a. Yes; having a magnet near a wire is enough to excite the electrons
b. No; magnets cannot create electricity
c. No; the magnetic field has to be changing to excite the electrons
d. Cannot be predicted
2. A coil spins in a magnetic field. Of the following which causes an increase in the induced EMF in the coil?
a. Spinning the coil faster c. Keeping the flux at a constant rate
b. Removing the coil from the magnetic field d. Decreasing the number of turns of wire in the coil

3. What would happen if you move a bar magnet in and out of a coil of copper wire?
a. Electric current would disappear c. The magnet would explode
b. Electric current will flow through the wire d. It would produce a gravitational field
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
4. He formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction.
a. Andre-Marie Ampere c. Michael Faraday
b. Heinrich Hertz d. James Clerk Maxwell
5. What basic principle enables ALL electric generators to operate?
a. A current-carrying conductor placed within a magnetic field will experience magnetic force.
b. Opposite electric charges attract and like charges repel.
c. A closed-loop conductor within a changing magnetic field will have an induced electromotive force.
d. Iron is the only element that is magnetic.

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the
column for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/
lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target
content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to
do/perform this task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6
VII. REFERENCES
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-11/electromagnetism/10-electromagnetism-03
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faradays-law
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction.html

Prepared by: GINA L. MARBIDA Checked by: Jocelyn Reyes

Willma G. Flores
Leilane P. Legacion