MAGNETISM

&
ELECTROMAGNETISM
 MAGNETISM
- It is a phenomenon by which materials
exert attractive or repulsive forces on
other materials.
Natural magnets
➢ found in the form of ore deposits
called magnetite
Artificial magnets
➢ all other magnets
 Magnetic Field
➢ It is the region in the vicinity of a magnet where
the characteristics of magnetism can be
demonstrated.
➢ made of imaginary lines called lines of flux.
Flux pattern is the shape of the area that a
flux lines occupies.
Flux density is the number of flux lines per unit
area.
Poles are points at which most of flux lines leave
or enter the magnet
Flux lines are:
➢ continuous, elastic, and never intersect
each other
➢ can be distorted by another magnetic field
or by the presence of a ferromagnetic
material.
➢ The external flux is concentrated
near the poles of a magnet.
Ferromagnetic materials
➢ pass lines of flux easily and can distort a
magnetic field

Paramagnetic materials
➢ have no effect on a magnetic field

Diamagnetic materials
➢ have a slight repelling effect on magnetic
fields
Magnetic poles always appear
in pairs of opposite polarity.
They are labeled as north and
south.
 UNLIKE
POLES
ATTRACK

LIKE POLES
REPEL
MAGNETIC DOMAIN
Permanent magnets
➢ retains its
magnetism after the
magnetizing field
has been removed.
Temporary magnets
➢ exhibit the
characteristics of a
magnet as long as
they are in a
magnetizing field.
 Electromagnetic Induction
and Faraday’s Laws
Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction
states that the electromotive force is induced in a
conductor when the magnetic field surrounding it
changes.

Electromagnetic Induction
➢ process wherein a magnetic field causes
an induced voltage or current in a
conductor.
➢ requires relative motion between the
conductor and the magnetic field.
How Electromagnetic Induction Work

NO voltage is
induced
How Electromagnetic Induction Work

NO voltage is
induced
How Electromagnetic Induction Work

Voltage is
induced
 Electromagnetic Induction
and Faraday’s Laws

Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction

states that the induced electromotive force is
directly proportional to the rate of change of the
magnetic field.

The resulting EMF is directly proportional to

the speed of the movement .
The left-hand rule is used to determine
the direction of the magnetic field
around a current-carrying conductor.
Conductor wound into a spiral
coil.

SOLENOID