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2. Fungsional:
Hipertiroid
Hipotiroidi
Eutiroidi
PREVALENSI
WHO : wanita : laki-laki = (9 - 10) :1
Indonesia : 3 - 4 : 1
Penggunaan sarana diagnotik belum memadai ?
Goiter/ Struma
Sign and symptom hyperthyroid
Increased heart rate
Anxiety
Weight loss
Difficulty sleeping
Tremors in the hands
Weakness
Diarrhea
Puffiness around the eyes, dryness, irritation, or bulging of the
eyes
Fungsional: Hipertiroid
Sign and symptom hypothyroid
Weight gain
Dry skin
Constipation
Cold intolerance
Puffy skin
Hair loss
Fatigue
Menstrual irregularity in women
Fungsional: Hipotiroid
Tes panel tiroid :
TSH →
hipotiroid,
hipertiroid,
penyaring pada neonatus,
monitor terapi
T4 atau fT4 →
hipotiroid, (lebih sensitif dibanding T3)
hipertiroid,
penyaring pada neonatus,
T3 atau fT3 →
Hipertiroid (lebih sensitif dibanding T4
Interpretasi
TSH T4 T3 Interpretation
High Normal Normal Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism
Mild (subclinical)
Low Normal Normal
hyperthyroidism
100-199 Optimal
TETANI
HIPERCALCEMIA
Reflex
Konstipasi
Nafsu makan
Sistem saraf ditekan
ABNORMAL
1. HIPOPARATIROID (operasi tiroidektomi
Kadar parathormon
EFEK :
a. Kalsium TETANI
FATAL
b. Fosfat (normal 4 mg%) 12 mg%
Hipoparatiroid akibat operasi paratiroidektomi
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition characterized by underactivity of the parathyroid
glands and reduced production of parathyroid hormone
(PTH), a hormone that controls calcium and phosphate levels
in blood and calcium in bone.
Symptoms may include tingling in the fingers and toes,
muscle aches and spasms, fatigue, dry skin and brittle nails,
headaches, anxiety, and depression.
hipoparatiroid
1. Kalsium serum rendah. Tetanus terjadi pada kadar kalsium serum
yang berkisar dari 5-6 mg/dl (1,2 - 1,5mmol/L) atau lebih rendah
lagi.
2. Fosfat anorganik dalam serum tinggi
3. Fosfatase alkali normal atau rendah
4. Foto Rontgen:
a) Sering terdapat kalsifikasi yang bilateral pada ganglion basalis di
tengkorak
b) Kadang-kadang terdapat pula kalsifikasi di serebellum dan
pleksus koroid
5. Density dari tulang bisa bertambah
6. EKG: biasanya QT-interval lebih panjang
2. HIPERPARATIROID
Kadar parathormon Kalsium (hiperkalsemia)
Fosfat (hipophosphatemia)
Causa : 1. Tumor
2. Wanita lebih banyak ok Laktasi dan Hamil
Ca plasma
7-dehydrocholesterol (pro-vitamin D)
Ultra violet
Vitamin D
Tractus digestivus
Pengobatan :
Vitamin D dan Kalsium fosfat
Ca Fosfat
tanpa vit. D
Ca Plasma
Pembentukan tulang
Pemeriksaan Parathormon