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PROPORTION
MATH10
ALGEBRA
Week 3 Day 1 Ratio, Variation and Proportion (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 304-313)
Week 3 Day 1
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE
Definition
RATIO
A ratio is an indicated quotient of two quantities. Every ratio is a
fraction and all ratios can be described by means of a fraction.
The ratio of x and y is written as x : y, it can also be represented
as x
x
y Thus, x : y
y
Week 3 Day 1
EXAMPLE
Definition
PROPORTION
A proportion is a statement indicating the equality of two ratios.
Thus, x m , x m : n , x : y m : n are proportions.
y n y
Definition
VARIATION
A variation is the name given to the study of the effects of changes
among related quantities.
Variation describes the relationship between variables.
Week 3 Day 1
Direct Variation
When one quantity is a constant multiple of another quantity, we say
that the quantities are directly proportional to one another .
Let x and y represent two quantities. The following are equivalent
statements:
• y = kx, where k is a nonzero constant.
• y varies directly with x.
• y is directly proportional to x.
The constant k is called the constant of variation or the constant of
proportionality.
19. V is directly proportional to both l and w. V=6h when w=3 qnd h=4.
1. A brother and sister have weight (pounds) that varies as the cube of
the cube of height (feet) and they share the same proportionality
constant . The sister is 6 feet tall and weighs 170 pounds. Her
brother is 6’4” tall. How much does he weigh?
(Your Turn page 306)
Week 3 Day 1
Inverse Variation
Let x and y represent two quantities. The following are equivalent
statements:
k
• y , where k is a nonzero constant.
x
• y varies inversely with x.
• y is inversely proportional to x.
The constant k is called the constant of variation or the constant of
proportionality.
600
(200,500)
400
(400,250)
200
(600,167)
k
If x and y are relatedby the equationy n , then we say that y varies
x
inversely with the nth power of x, or y is inversely proportional
to the nthpower of x.
• When direct variation and inverse variation occur at the same time,
the variation is called combined variation.
T
Example: Combined gas law in chemistry, P k
V
1. The gas in the headspace of a soda bottle has a volume of 9.0 ml,
pressure of 2 atm (atmospheres), and a temperature of 298K
(standard room temperature of 77⁰F). If the soda bottle is stored in
a refrigerator, the temperature drops to approximately 279K (42⁰F).
What is the pressure of the gas in the headspace once the bottle is
chilled?
(Example 4 page 308)
Week 3 Day 1
SUMMARY
k
• y is inversely proportional to x if y .
x
CLASSWORK
HOMEWORK