PRAGMATICS

PRAGMATICS

FULL NAME : YAYUK WAHYUNI

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 DECLARATIONS

Speech acts that change the world via utterance.

Priest : I now pronounce you husband and wife.

A man (a single) into a husband. An

appropriate
Police : You’re under arrest. role in a
specific
An ordinary person becomes a suspect. context is
needed.
Teacher: Class dismissed! (Felicity
condition)
Situation changed, students leave the
classroom.
 REPRESENTATIVES (ASSERTIVES)

It is a sunny The earth is

day. flat.

Speech acts that state

what the speaker
believes to be the case
or not. The speaker
makes words fit the
world of belief.
 EXPRESSIVES

I’m really Greeting, apologizing,

sorry. thanking, complaining,
congratulating

Pleasure

Pain Speech acts that state

Emotional
situations what the speaker feels.
Likes/Dislikes

Joy
The speaker makes
Sorrow words fit the world of
feeling
 DIRECTIVES

Don’t touch Gimme a

Could you that cup of
close the coffee. Make
door, please? it black!

The speaker attempts

to make the world fit
To get someone else the words (via hearer).
to do something

Commands/orders, requests,
suggestions
 COMMISSIVES

I’ll be back

Promosing (needs
someone to do Speech act that
something in the speakers used to
future. commit themselves to
some future actions.

The speaker makes

world fit the words (via
speaker)
 SUMMARY
Speech Act Direction of Fit S = Speaker
Types X = Situation
Declarations Words change the world S causes X

Representatives Make words fit the world S believes X

(belief)
Expressives Make words fit the world S feels X
(feeling)
Directives Make the world fit the words S wants X
(via hearer)
Commissives Make the world fit the words S intends X
(via speaker)
 Direct Indirect
Speech Act Speech Act

Speech Act
 DIRECT SPEECH ACT

Direct speech act is when there is a direct relationship between

a structure and a function.

Declarative You wear a seat belt. Statement

Interrogative Do you wear a seat belt? Question

Imperative Wear a seat belt! Command/request

Explicitly illustrate the intended meaning

 INDIRECT SPEECH ACT

Indirect speech act is when there is an indirect relationship between

a structure and its function.

Declarative You’re standing in front of the tv. Request

Interrogative Do you have to stand in front of the tv? Request

Command/request
Imperative Move out the way!
(direct)
THAT’S IT. THANK YOU! 
Any Questions?