Control Systems

Engineering
LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND
TRANSFER FUNCTION
Laplace Transform
Inverse Laplace Transform
Complex Plane : Pole-Zero Maps
Transfer Function
Transfer Function
 Transfer Function
• For continuous system, if all the roots of the denominator have negative
parts, the system is stable
• The roots of the denominator are the poles
• The roots of the numerator are the zeroes
• Gain factor – the constant K associated with the transfer function
Control Systems
Engineering
STABILITY
 Stability
• A continuous or discrete-time system is stable if its impulse response
approaches zero as time approaches infinity
• A continuous or discrete-time system is stable if every bounded input
produces a bounded output.
 Continuous System Stability
• A necessary and sufficient condition to be stable is that the real parts of the
roots of the characteristic equation have negative real parts.
• Marginally stable – some roots with real parts equal to zero but none with
positive real parts.
• Routh Stability Criterion – a method for determining continuous system
stability.
 Discrete-Time System Stability
• A necessary and sufficient condition to be stable is that all of roots of the
characteristic equation have a magnitude less than 1 or within the unit circle.
• Jury Test– a method for determining discrete-time system stability.