Are Accountable For Air Quality in Your City: Game Being Played

GAME BEING PLAYED
YOU
are
Accountable for Air Quality
in
Your City
1
In Service of
YOU
In Honour of
YOU
2
Air Quality – L3
Virendra Sethi
vsethi@iitb.ac.in
7809
3
Air Quality
Goal of the Air Quality Module
You will be able to explain key

concepts of air pollution and
air quality management
4
To Learn Today
• Estimate pollutant concentration related to

exposure
• You will be able to explain effects of

meteorology and the physics of dispersion
of pollutants in the atmosphere
Dispersion – Gaussian Plume
WIND
6
Mixing/Dispersion
• Meteorology
– Horizontal
• Wind
– Speed
– Direction
– Vertical
• Temperature
– Lapse Rate
7
Wind Rose 1 knot = 1.82 km/hr
8
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/ozone/areas/wind.htm#dlfi
• Wind roses provide
– Wind direction (Wind comes FROM)
– Wind speed (Colour coding)
– Frequency
• Radial Length of the “Petal” is % of time
9
Mixing/Dispersion
• Meteorology
– Horizontal
• Wind
– Speed
– Direction
– Vertical
• Temperature
– Lapse Rate
10
Volume of this Lecture Hall
The mixing height is known
In atmosphere it changes
So the volume available for mixing

(and dilution) also changes
11
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/atmprofile.gif
12
Lapse Rates
• Atmosphere cools with height
– What rate ?
• Dry (Adiabatic) 10°C/km
• Wet (Adiabatic) 6°C/km
– (Release of heat with condensation)
13
ADIABATIC (1°C/100 m)
ACTUAL 19 °C Air
1100 m
Parcel at
1100 m
1000 m (say) 20 °C Air

Parcel
18 °C 19 °C 20 °C
14
1100 m
1000 m (say) 20 °C Air

Parcel
900 m
21 °C Air
Parcel at ACTUAL
1100 m
20 °C 21°C 22 °C
15
Change of (Relative Slope)
Environmental Lapse Rate
(Adiabatic lapse rate slope does
not change)
16
1100 m 19 °C Air
Parcel at
1100 m
1000 m (say) 20 °C Air
Parcel
ACTUAL
19°C 19.5 °C 20 °C
17
Adiabatic
Actual
WIND
18
Adiabatic
Scenarios
Height Actual
Temperature
19
Adiabatic
Scenarios
Height Actual
Temperature
20
Adiabatic
Scenarios
Height Actual
Temperature
21
Stability Average
Wet Lapse
Rate
Dry Lapse Rate Stable
Height 
Unstable
Temperature
22
http://www.tpub.com/content/aerographer/14312/css/14312_47.htm
Match the Profile
Unstable
Stable
Plumes (a) (b) (c) (d)

(Adapted from Masters, 1997)
23
Review
Dispersion and Mixing Influenced by :
• Wind
– Speed
– Direction
– Wind Rose
• Temperature Lapse Rates
– Dry adiabatic
– Wet Adiabatic
– Stability
24
Why are we doing all of this ?
• If you want to set up a new industry, it
implies adding a new source of pollutant(s)
• This source is PERMITTED to emit after it

has applied the Best Available Control
Technology (BACT) on their processes
• AFTER leaving the chimney, the

concentrations on ground is determined by
the meteorology
• So,
– If you want to know WHERE to put the new
industry
– If you want to know the pollution levels under the

worst case scenario of STABLE conditions and
low wind speeds
– If you want to know what height does the chimney

need to be
– QUANTIFICATION of horizontal movement and

vertical mixing becomes essential
• Gaussian Plume (Dispersion) Model
(GPM) is used to estimate the Ground
Level Concentrations for pollutants
coming from a Chimney
• INPUTS to GPM
– Height of chimney and Source Strength
– Wind Rose Data
– Atmospheric Stability of the region
Example : Mumbai
Fun Exercise
• Find the Wind Rose for
– Mumbai
– Your home city
– Does IMD have a Met Station near your

City ?
Terrain Map of Chandrapur with 9 neighboring IMD stations
Gondia
Nagpur
Bhandara
Amravati
Wardha
Yavatmal
Gadchiroli
Washim
CSTPS
Adilabad
50 km
30
Chandrapur Region
• Three IMD stations were selected to eliminate possible
influence of terrain on local scale wind patterns :
1. Nagpur
2. Gadchiroli
3. Yavatmal
31
Location of CSTPS met station with the 3 selected IMD stations
Nagpur
Yavatmal
Gadchiroli
CSTPS
50 km
32
Chandrapur Region
Wind conditions at 3 IMD Stations and CSTPS in Chandrapur
Nagpur
Similar
Similar Similar
Yavatmal
Gadchiroli
Similar
CSTPS
Different
Chandrapur
33
Conclusions
• Wind conditions are similar at the three IMD locations.
• CSTPS station by comparison is NOT similar.
• Therefore, CSTPS Met data needs to be verified with

other Local Met Station Data
– Ambuja Cement
– Lloyd Metals
34
Location of CSTPS met station with other two local met stations from Lloyd Metals
and Ambuja Cements
Nagpur
Yavatmal
Gadchiroli
Lloyd Metals
CSTPS
Ambuja
Cements
50 km
35
Chandrapur Region
Wind condition at CSTPS for 2011, and M/s Lloyd Metals Ltd., M/s Ambuja Cements in
Chandrapur for 2013
CSTPS,2011
Lloyd Metals, 2013

Different Ambuja Cements
2013
Similar
36
For true comparison,
Met data are required
from
CSTPS and Lloyd Metals and Ambuja Cements
for the years

2011, 2012, 2013
37

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GAME BEING PLAYED

Goal of the Air Quality Module

You will be able to explain key

• Estimate pollutant concentration related to

• You will be able to explain effects of

The mixing height is known

So the volume available for mixing

1000 m (say) 20 °C Air

1000 m (say) 20 °C Air

Dry Lapse Rate Stable

Plumes (a) (b) (c) (d)

• This source is PERMITTED to emit after it

• AFTER leaving the chimney, the

– If you want to know the pollution levels under the

– If you want to know what height does the chimney

– QUANTIFICATION of horizontal movement and

– Does IMD have a Met Station near your

• Wind conditions are similar at the three IMD locations.

• CSTPS station by comparison is NOT similar.

• Therefore, CSTPS Met data needs to be verified with

Lloyd Metals, 2013

CSTPS and Lloyd Metals and Ambuja Cements

for the years

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