EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE HOA 1

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 20TH CENTURY

REVIVAL 19TH CENTURY

RENAISSANCE ( 15TH-18TH )

GOTHIC ( 13TH- 15TH )

ROMANESQUE (9TH- 12TH)

BYZANTINE (4TH ) SARACENIC (7TH )

ROMAN ( 2ND BC- 4TH AD)

GREEK ( 8TH BC- 2ND AD)

EGYPTIAN ( 5000BC- 1ST AD) ASSYRIAN ( 4000BC- 4TH AD)

MEXICAN INDIAN

PERUVIAN CHINESE-JAPANESE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
■ Architectural Character
■ Geographical Influences
■ Geological Influences
■ Climatic Influences
■ Religious Influences
■ Historical Influences
■ Social And Political Influences
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER 1.0
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Architectural Character
-System of Construction
-System of Measurement
-System of Pyramid Construction
Features of Egyptian Architecture
-Plan
-Walls
-Door
-Opening/ Fenestration
-Roof
-Capital
-Ornaments/ Finishes
 1.0. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
MASSIVENESS AND MONUMENTALITY
■ SIMPLICITY ■ GRANDEUR

■ SOLIDITY
 1.0. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION
■ POST AND LINTEL ■ COLUMNAR & TRABEATED
 1.0. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
 1.0. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION
 7.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
7.1.0. PLAN
■ Rectangular and Often without regards to Symmetric
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.1. WALL
■ BATTERED WALL ■ CAVETTO/GORGE CORNICE
 7.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.2. DOORS
■ Square Headed covered with massive lintels
Spectrum of Rustic to Monumental Buildings by Dino Marcantonio
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.3. OPENINGS/FENESTRATION
■ No windows to cut heat penetration and sandstorm.
1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.4. COLUMN
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL

Capitals mostly follow the forms of the lotus (emblem of Upper Egypt), the papyrus (emblem of Lower Egypt),
and the palm.
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL

■ Campaniform or Inverted Bell

Papyrus (left) Lotus (right)
Column with Abacus (Stone
Block)
■ Architrave (Beam) Across the
Top and Cavetto and Torus
Cornice Showing Shadow
Patterns.
■ Temple of Isis from Philae
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL

■ Palm Column Capital. Temple of ■ Papyrus Campaniform or Inverted Bell

Isis from Philae Capital. Temple of Isis from Philae
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL

■ Palmette Capital with Open And Closed ■ Volute Papyrus Capital. Temple of Isis
Lotus at Base. Temple of Isis from from Philae
Philae
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.5. CAPITAL

■ Palmettes Capitals (left and right) ■ Row of Hathor Capitals with Alternating
Volute Papyrus Capital (center). Temple Papyrus and Lotus Capitals. Temple of
of Isis from Philae Isis from Philae
Trajan’s Kiosk from Philae, Egypt
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.6. ORNAMENTS/FINISHED
■ Torus and Cavetto/
■ Gorge Cornice
1.1.6. ORNAMENTS/FINISHED
 1.1. FEATURES OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1.1.6. ORNAMENTS/FINISHED
■ Hieroglyphics- use as ornaments, pictures and writing from
the walls.
GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCES 2.0
THE BLACK LAND
■ Upper Egypt-Higher land
■ Cataract- included Nile river
■ Lower Egypt- included Delta of the river
and wide plain around Memphis, its most
important city.
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCES 3.0
3.1. STONE- Abundant building material except
on temples and pyramids.
■ SOFT STONE

Limestone Sand stone Alabaster

■ HARD STONE
Granite Quartzite

Basalt Porphyry
3.2. SAND DRIED BRICKS- made up clay and
chopper stone for pyramids and temples.
3.3. MUD BRICKS- for Houses
3.4. DATE PALM- for roofing
3.5. PALM LEAVES- for roofing materials
3.6. ACACIA-for their boat
3.7. SYCAMORE-Mummy cases
3.8. PAPYRUS
CLIMATIC INFLUENCES 4.0
 4.0. TWO SEASON- Spring & Summer
■ STRUCTURES HAVE NO:
➢ Downspout
➢ Drainage
➢ Gutter
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES 5.0
 5.0. EGYPTIAN- Monotheistic in theory,
Polytheistic in practice
■ Pharaoh- not only “King” but also “God” both Political
and Religious ruler
■ EGYPTIANS believe in Life after death
4.1. CANOPIC JARS
HISTORICAL INFLUENCES 6.0
 5.0. 30 DYNASTIES
■ Started from third millennium BC to Roman Period
■ Egypt was part of Persian Empire for two centuries
before the invasion of Alexander the Great.
 5.1. ANCIENT KINGDOM
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO TYPES OF TOMBS
■ Mastaba
■ Pyramid
 5.1. THREE IMPORTANT PARTS OF MASTABA
■ OUTER CHAMBER- Where offerings were placed
■ SERDAB- Inner chamber containing the statues of the
deceased member of the family
■ CHAMBER CONTAINING THE SARCOPHAGUS (COFFIN)
 6.1. THREE T YPES OF PYRAMID
■ STEP PYRAMID- evolved from mastaba
 6.1. THREE T YPES OF PYRAMID
■ PYRAMID OF DJOSER, ZOSER OR ISER
 6.1. THREE TYPES OF PYRAMID
■ PYRAMID OF
SENEFURU