SUKKUR IBA UNIVERSITY

MERIT – QUALITY – EXCELLENCE

Course: Signals and Systems

Dr. Abdul Aziz Memon

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Email: aziz.memon@iba-suk.edu.pk
Fourier series contents covered


x(t )  
ae
ak e jkwt
x(t )  k
jkwt
k 
T T 
k 
 x(t )e
 jnwt
dt    ak e jkwt e  jnwt dt
0 0 k 

x(t )  e jwt for k  n

  1

 jkwt
ak 
y (t )   x( )h(t   )d   h( ) x(t   )d
x (t ) e dt
TT
 
a0  mean, average, DC value
 

   
jw( t   ) jw( t   )
y (t )  h ( ) e d  h ( ) e d a1, a1 : with such terms, there is fundamental period
 

y (t )  e jwt  h( ) e jw d  H ( jw) e jwt


H ( jw) is known as frequency response

Slide # 2
F.S properties

Slide # 3
Timeline for paper presentation and project demonstration
Paper (Timeline) Matlab Based Project (Timeline)
20 pages min: (Either 1/2/3 Journal papers) Better than final year projects
10 sessional marks theory 10 sessional marks lab
Must follow assigned year and IEEE Journal paper Must search on Mathworks website
Paper title check and approved by me Rough idea about project title
14~16 January 2019 14~16 January 2019 (Meet me with project idea)
Presentation 10 pages (1st paper or half paper) Register project title (Get approved then google form)
28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019 28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019
(Must get appointment 1 week before) Keep sharing project progress every week (Important)
Presentation 10 pages (2nd paper or rest of half paper) 1st Project demo
4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week 4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before) before)
Presentation 10 pages (3rd paper or Full paper) Final Project demo
8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before) 8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week before)
Repeat if required Improve if required

Slide # 4
Fourier Transform
• As in F.S., only periodic signals could be represented as sum of
complex exponential signals.

• In the similar way Fourier Transform (F.T.) is used for aperiodic

signals.

Slide # 5
Fourier Transform for continuous time aperiodic signal
• If we apply Fourier series to aperiodic signal x(t)
• Result will be as shown in figure (b)
• Signal is repeating after time T
• We are interested in just one cycle

Slide # 6
Fourier Transform for continuous time aperiodic signal

• Therefore equations can be rewritten as (aperiodic signal does

not repeat, so it’s time period will tend to infinity)

• consider

then Slide # 7
Fourier Transform for continuous time aperiodic signal
• Using value of ak into following equation

• Multiply and divide right hand side with o

Slide # 8
Fourier Transform for continuous time aperiodic signal

• As time period tends to infinity, frequency tends to 0

• Summation converges to integral

  ko

• Where it is already considered that

Slide # 9
Fourier Transform for continuous time aperiodic signal

(2)
(1)
• These two equations are known as Fourier transform pair

• 2nd equation is known as F.T. or Fourier integral of function x(t)

• 1st equation is known as inverse F.T. equation.

Slide # 10
Fourier Series - Fourier Transform
• Fourier Transform Fourier Series

x(t )  ae
k 
k
jkwt

1
ak   x(t )e  jkwt
dt
TT

-pi pi
a_-1 a_0 a_1

Signal contains all complex exponential Signal contains only three

signals with frequencies from –pi to pi complex exponential signals
Slide # 11
F.T. example 1

Slide # 12
F.T. example 1
• Since it is complex valued function, therefore it can be plotted
in terms of magnitude and phase angle

Slide # 13
F.T. example 2
• Find F.T. of signal

Slide # 14
F.T. example 2

Slide # 15
F.T. example 2

Slide # 16
F.T. example 3

Slide # 17
F.T. example 4

Slide # 18
F.T. example 4

Slide # 19
F.T example 5 (F.T. to signal)

• Answer x(t )  1 Sin(Wt )  W Sinc(Wt )

t 

Slide # 20