Happy New Year 2013 !!!

http://web.iitd.ac.in/~pmvs
 MEL 709 : HEAT EXCHANGERS

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi

A Device which enhanced the value of fire/fuel !!!

A True Mediator !!!
 Earth and Energy
• Life on Earth is driven by energy.
• Autotrophs take it from solar radiation and create Energy
Reservoirs on Earth.
Creators and Exploiters of Energy Reservoirs
Heterotrophs take it from autotrophs.

Energy captured slowly by photosynthesis is

stored up, and as denser reservoirs of energy have
come into being over the course of Earth's history
 Energy Cycles on Earth w/o Humans

A way of Reducing Rate of Entropy Generation on

Earth……
 Human Evolution & Energy

• The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs.

• The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human
beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph
that has ever evolved.
• The human population modified more and more of its
environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human
needs.
• The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is
sustained and continues to grow through the use of
extrasomatic energy.
• The human race expanded its resource base so that for long
periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.
Signatures of Extrasomatism

Water Mills

Wind Mills
Mechanical
Heat Engines Machine free?
Steam /gas turbines
 The Greatest Extra-somatic Action
Invention of FIRE, FLAME and TORCH

• Fire is a discovery rather than

an invention.
• Homo erectus probably discovered
fire by accident.
• Fire was most likely given to man as
a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt
of lightning struck a tree or a bush,
suddenly starting it on fire.
• The flaming touch and the campfire
probably constituted early man's first
use of 'artificial' lighting.
• As early as 400,000 BC, fire was
kindled in the caves of Peking man.
• Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps
to illuminate his cave.
• Various Oils were used as fuels.
The First Civilized Extrasomatic Action!!!!!

Fire Can only Heat Solids !!!!!

 A Search for Ubuntu Device ….

• A generous, hospitable, friendly, caring and

compassionate.
• They share what they have/get/earn……..
• A person with ubuntu is open and available to others…….
• Various religions identified them as Mediators.
• Business Mediators.
• Energy Mediators – A first step in Civilization and
Development…
 EARLIEST TYPES OF HX : COOKING
• Primitive humans may first have savoured roast meat by chance, when the
flesh of a beast killed in a forest fire was found to be more palatable and easier
to chew and digest than the customary raw meat.
• They probably did not deliberately cook food, though, until long after they had
learned to use fire for light and warmth.
• It has been speculated that Peking man roasted meats, but no clear evidence
supports the theory.
• During Palaeolithic Period, Aurignacian people of southern France apparantly
began to steam their food over hot embers by wrapping it in wet leaves.
• Crude procedures
– as toasting wild grains on flat rocks and using shells, skulls,
– or hollowed stones to heat liquids.
• Introduction of pottery during the Neolithic Period.
• A paste, toasted to crustiness when dropped on a hot stone, made the first
bread.