Dr.

Ambedkar Institute of Te
chnology for Handicapped Ka
npur

SEMINAR GUIDE BY- SUBMITTED BY-

Er. C.P.Verma Harsh Gupta
Department- Anil Kumar Verma
Electronics Engg. Pawan Kumar Verma
Pankaj Kumar
Rahul Kumar Yadav
 Project Work
Automatic Security System

Overview-
 LDR based security system.
 Home appliance security purpose.
 Cheap and easy security system.
 Introduction
 Power supply (6v)
 LDR (Light dependant resistor)
 555 Timer
 Relay 5V,5A
 Variable resistor
 Buzzer
 LED
 Working principle of LDR
 It is light sensitive resistor
 Resistor inversely proportional incident l
ight intensity
 Working Principle of 555 Tim
er
 The 555 timer IC used in variety of timer, in pulse generation, and oscillat
or application
 It’s gets it name 555 timer from the three 5k ohm resistor
 It has 8 pins
 Mode of operation of 555 tim
er
 The 555 timer IC has three mode of operation
1.Monostable-
 In this mode the 555 timer works as “one shot” pulse generator.
 Threshold and Discharge pins are short circuited and no need triggering.
Application-
 Timer, Bounce-free switches, Touch switches, Frequency divider etc.
2.Bistable-
 The 555 timer operate as a “flip-flop”.
 Discharge pin not connected and no capacitor is used.
Application-
 Bounce-free, Latched switches,
3.Astable-
 It is also called free running mode
 It can operate as an oscillator
 All the pins are used
Application-
 Square pulse generator, Logic clock, Tone generation, Security alarm, and in PPM
(Pulse position modulation)
Working Principle of Relay
 A relay is an electrically operated switch
 It has three contacts, which are COM(Common), NC(Normally cl
osed), NO(Normally open)
 It is based on the electromagnetic attraction
 Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic
switch which attract the lever and changes the switch contact
 ON-OFF state of switch depend on current flowing in the coil
Mode of operation of Relay
ON Mode-
 Current flowing in the coil
 Coil gets energized and acts as magnet.
 The lever shift to NO terminal and shorted COM contact.

OFF Mode-
 No current flowing in the coil
 Coil gets De-energized
 The lever is shift to NC terminal
 Working Principle of Autom
atic security system

Potentiometer R1 value must be chosen and then adjusted that under n

ormal conditions when the light is falling on the LDR the voltage acr
oss the LDR is less than 1/3 of Vcc. The output of the 555 IC is high
now. The actual value of R1 will depend on the resistance of the LD
R.
When the light fades or is interrupted by an intruder, the voltage across
it rises above 2/3 of Vcc, tripping the IC flip-flop. The output goes lo
w activating the relay. When the light is restored, voltage falls below
1/3 of Vcc, again tripping the flip-flop causing the output to go high
and the relay drops.
 Advantages/Disadvantages
1. Advantages-
 Cheap security system
 Use for home appliance security purpose
 Easy handling
 Easy circuit design
 Small in size
 Low power consumption
1. Disadvantages-
 The circuit can not use in absence of light
 All the components have limited operating range.