Drilling Bit

A Drilling bit is defined as the cutting

or boring tool, which is on the end of
the drill string. Its basic function is to
cut rock at the bottom of the hole.
It consists of:
 Cutters
 Nozzles

The drill bit is rotated

mechanically to crush
and penetrate new
formations. The bit drills
through the rock by
scraping, chipping,
gouging or grinding the
rock at the bottom of the
hole.
Types Of
Bits
 Types of Bits

Roller cone Bits:

 Milled steel-tooth bits
 Tungsten Carbide Inserts

Fixed-Cutter Bits:
 PDC
 TSP
 Natural Diamond Bits
Roller cone bits

• Usually have three cones and are called tri-cone bits

• Has moving parts
• Drill holes predominantly with a grinding and chipping action
• Used for drilling a variety of formations
 Milled Steel-tooth Bits
• In Milled-tooth bit, the cutting structure is
milled from the steel making up the cone.
• This bit is rotated to gouge or cut out the
formations. The Milled-Tooth Bit is used for
enhancing durability, increasing the rate of
penetration and for excellent drilling
performance.
• Long teeth arrangements are used for
soft formations and shorter teeth for harder
formations.
 Tungsten Carbide Insert Bit
• The TCI bits are manufactured by pressing
a tungsten carbide cylinder into accurately
machined holes in the cone.
• The tungsten carbide teeth designed for
drilling soft formations are long and have a
chisel-shaped end.
• TCI bit has long life cutting structure in
hard rocks and has hemispherical inserts
for very hard rocks.
• It has larger and more pointed inserts for
softer rock and can handle high bit weights.
Design Factors

The Drill bit design is decided by the type of rock to be drilled and size
of the hole. The three legs and journals are identical, but the shape and
distribution of cutters on the three cones differ.
The factors important for designing and manufacturing a three cone bit
are
1. Journal Angle.
2. Offset between cones
3. Teeth.
4. Bearings.
 Journal Angle
• The bit journal is the bearing load-carrying
surface. The journal angle is defined as the angle
formed by a line perpendicular to the axis of the
journal and the axis of the bit.

• The magnitude of the journal angle directly

affects the size of the cone; the size of the cone
decreases as the angle increases. The optimum
journal angles for soft and hard roller cone bits
are 33 degrees and 36 degrees.

• It also determines how much WOB the drill can

sustain; the larger the angle the greater the
WOB. The smaller the journal angle the greater
is the gouging and scraping actions produced by
the three cones.