QUESTIONS Gas laws & thermal conductivity

RATE AND EXPANSION

1. A steel and copper bar are each attached to immovable walls. The steel bar is initially 28m long
and copper bar is initially 14m long. At 28℃ the air gap between the rod is 0.0013m. At what
temperature will the gap be closed. ∝𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 16.5 × 10−6 /𝐶 ∝𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 13× 10−6 /C
2. The ends of a thin bar are maintained at different temperatures. The temperature of the cooler
end is 11 °C, while the temperature at a point 0.13 m from the cooler end is 23 °C and the
temperature of the warmer end is 48 °C. Assuming that heat flows only along the length of the bar
(the sides are insulated), find the length of the bar.
3. Consider a glass windowpane with an area 0.5 m2, thickness 4 mm, and a temperature difference
30 °C between the two sides (i.e., between the inside of the house and the outside). What is the total
amount of heat energy that flows through the windowpane in one day? 𝑘𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 0.8 W/mK.
1. A bar of gold (Au) is in thermal contact with a bar of silver (Ag) of the same length and area. One
end of the compound bar is maintained at 80 oC and the opposite end is at 30 oC. When the heat
flow reaches steady state, find the temperature at the junction. Thermal conductivity of gold 314 W/m
oC & silver 427 W/mo C (Answer: 51.2 ℃)

2. A 42 L steel container is filled completely with carbon tetrachloride. Its temperature is 8℃. The
average volume coefficient of expansion for carbon tetrachloride is .000581/C. The volume expansion
of steel is 36 x 10 -6 /C . How much of it will overfill if the temperature rises to 20℃ (Answer: 0.27468
L over spill)
3. The volume of 1 kg water is 958.38 𝑚𝑚3 at a temperature of 10℃ and 999.73 𝑚𝑚3 at a
temperature of 100℃. Calculate the coefficient of volume expansion for water in that range of
temperature. (Answer: 4.8 × 10−4 /C)
4. An isolated rod is in thermal contact with a hot reservoir at one end and with a cold
reservoir at other end. The rod consists of 1 m section of copper joined by a section of
length L of steel. Both rods have the same cross sectional area of 4 𝑐𝑚2 . The temperature
of copper-steel junction is 65 ℃. Assume steady state find L. (𝑘𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 14W/mK and
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 401W/mK) (answer: 0.065m)

5. A glass flask with volume 200 cm3 is filled to the brim with mercury at 20oC. How much
mercury overflows when the temperature of the system is raised to 100oC? The coefficient
of linear expansion of the glass is 0.40 × 10−5/K and that of mercury is 60 x 10−6/K
(answer: 2.7 𝑐𝑚3 )
6. A metal rod has a length of 7.3 m at 15 oC and a length of 7.4m at 95 oC. What is the
temperature of the rod when its length is 7.21 m if the initial temperature was 15oC.
(answer: -57.5 oC)
7. Find the energy transferred in 1h by conduction through a concrete wall of area 7.3 m2 and 0.2
m length if one side of the wall is held at 20°C and the other side is at 5°C. 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 =
1.3W/mC. (Answer: 2.56 x 106 J)
8. Water is boiling in an aluminium pan placed on an electrical element on a stovetop. The sauce
pan has a bottom that is 0.8 cm thick and 14 cm in diameter. The boiling water is evaporating at
the rate 2256 J/s. What is the temperature difference across (through) the bottom of the pan?
𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 220W/mC (Answer: 5.33 oC)
9. How does the rate of heat transfer by conduction change when all spatial dimensions are
doubled? ( Answer: 2 times initial rate)
10. Compare the rate of heat conduction through 13 cm thick wall that has an area of 10𝑚2 and a
thermal conductivity twice that of glass with rate of heat conduction through a window that is 0.75
cm thick and that has an area of 2𝑚2 assuming the same temperature difference across each.
𝑅
(Answer: 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =0.58 )
𝑅𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤
11. A brass bar and aluminium bar are each attached to an immovable wall. At 28oC the air gap
between the rods is 1.3 × 10-3 m. At what temperature will the gap be closed? ∝𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 19 ×
10−6 /𝐶 ∝𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 23× 10−6 /C (Answer: 49 oC)

12. A steel and brass bolt are secured to two immovable plates. At 27oC the gap between the
bolts is 5μm. At this temperature the length of the steel bolt is 1cm and that of brass is 3cm. As the
temperature increases the ends of the bolts move toward each other. ∝𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 =11 × 10−6 /C
∝𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 19× 10−6 /C At what temperature will the bolts touch? (Answer: 34.5 oC )
13. A copper bar of length 1 m and cross sectional area 0.1 𝑚2 has its one end maintained at
100 ℃ by means of electric heater. The rate of transfer is 0.4kW. Calculate the temperature of
the other end in steady state, given that the thermal conductivity of copper is 400W/mK. (Answer:
9 oC)
14. A copper (AB) and iron (BC) bars joined together end-to end. Find the
temperature of the junction. Copper has a length of 75 cm and iron has 125 cm.
𝑘𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 80W/mK and 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 401W/mK. Find the rate of heat transfer if the
area is 1m2 (Answer: 57W)

15. A brass plug is to be placed in a ring made of iron. At 20°C, the diameter of the
plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. they must both be
brought to what common temperature in order to fit? ∝𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 =12 × 10−6 /C ∝𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
19× 10−6 /C (Answer: -146 °C)
16. Find the number of Hydrogen molecules occupying 5 L at a pressure of 10 Pa. it
has an rms velocity of 260 m/s. (Answer: 6.68 x 1023 molecules)
17. The volume expansion coefficient of benzene is 1.24 × 10−4 ) / C. If a
100𝑐𝑚3 steel container is filled with benzene when the temperature is 20℃,
how much benzene will spill over when the temperature is raised to 50℃ ?
[Answer: 0.264𝑐𝑚3 ]
18. The temperatures at the ends of a bar made of unknown material are 85
°C at the warmer end and 27 °C at the cooler end. The bar has a length of
.68 m. What is the temperature at a point that is .22 m from the cooler end
of the bar? (Answer: 46 ℃)
19. A Styrofoam box used to keep drinks cold at a picnic has total wall area
(including the lid) of 0.8 m2 and wall thickness 2 cm. It is filled with ice, water,
and cans of Omni-Cola at 0º C. What is the rate of heat flow into the box if
the temperature of the outside wall is 30° C. ?. Thermal conductivity is 0. 010
W/m K(Answer: 12 W)
20 . Michael carries out an investigation into the expansion of a metal as it is heated. He
measures the length of a metal bar at various temperatures. His results are shown below.
Michael predicts that the expansion of the metal bar is proportional to the rise in
temperature of the bar. Complete Table 2 below using values for temperature rise
against expansion of the metal bar. Is Michael’s prediction correct. Show how the values
given in table 2 support this.