Half Adder

• Adding two single-bit binary values, X, Y produces a sum S bit and a carry out C-
out bit.
• This operation is called half addition and the circuit to realize it is called a half
adder.

S(X,Y) = S (1,2)
Half Adder Truth Table S = X’Y + XY’
Inputs Outputs
S = XY
X Y S C-out
0 0 0 0
C-out(x, y, C-in) = S (3)
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
C-out = XY
1 1 0 1
X
Sum S
Y
X Half S
Y Adder C-OUT
C-out
Half Subtractor
• Subtracting a single-bit binary value Y from anther X (I.e. X -Y ) produces a
difference bit D and a borrow out bit B-out.
• This operation is called half subtraction and the circuit to realize it is called a half
subtractor.

D(X,Y) = S (1,2)
Half Subtractor Truth Table D = X’Y + XY’
Inputs Outputs D = XY
X Y D B-out
0 0 0 0 B-out(x, y, C-in) = S (1)
0 1 1 1 B-out = X’Y
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
X Difference
D
Y
X Half D
Y Subtractor B-OUT B-out