[PART-A]

Unit 1
INTRODUCTION

Prepared by
Vineeth Nambiar
Assistant professor
Dept of EEE
SDMIT, Ujire, Karnataka

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Syllabus
Introduction to HV technology,
need for generating high
voltages in laboratory.
Industrial applications of high
voltage, Electrostatic
precipitation, separation,
painting and printing.
6Hours

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 What is high voltage….?

Definition

Courtesy- Wikipedia

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 What is high voltage…?
• The term high voltage (HV) usually means
electrical energy at voltages high enough to cause
harm on living organisms.
• In electric power transmission engineering, high
voltage is usually considered any voltage over
approximately 35,000 volts.
• In electric power transmission engineering,
voltage more than 3,45,000 volts between
conductors is termed as Extra high voltage
(EHV).
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 What is high voltage….?
•Accidental contact with high
voltage supplying sufficient
energy may result in severe
injury or death.
• This can occur as a person's
body provides a path for
current flow, causing tissue
damage and heart failure.
Other injuries can include
burns from the arc generated
by the accidental contact.
•Low-energy exposure to high
voltage may be harmless
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Introduction to HV Technology
• HV technologies uses at power systems, industries &
Research labs.
• In the area of power systems especially for bulk power
transmission High voltage power transmission is
required.
• In industries the following equipments like electrostatic
precipitators (EPS) , X ray equipments, auto mobile
ignition coil etc. are commonly using.
• Research labs using HV for doing nuclear research,
particle accelerators (Van de Graff generators).

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Introduction to HV Technology
• Optimum design of insulation is required for
HV technologies.
• Dielectric strength, corona discharge etc are
considered for optimum design of insulation.

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Introduction to HV Technology
What is happening now….???
Any new technologies other than HV power
transmission…?

- STATCOM & HVDC are the alternative bulk

power transfer system.

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Introduction to HV Technology
Deliver a brief talk on
1. STATCOM
2. HVDC Power transmission

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 Need for generating HV in laboratory
• To test the equipments such as transformers,
bushing of transformers, cable, capacitors &
switch gears.
• To confirm the reliability & efficiency of the
equipments or products.
• To study the insulation behavior under high
voltage.
• To Determine the safety factor. The ratio of
puncture strength to flashover voltage is known
as safety factor.
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 Need for generating HV in laboratory
Continued………

• To determine the working margin.

• Testing of equipments for HVDC application
• Testing of power apparatus rated for extra
high transmission voltage.
• Simulate the over voltage that occur in power
system due to lighting or switching surges.

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 Need for high voltage transmission
line
• HV lines are used for transmitting electric power for a long
distance
• Let ‘P’ be the power to be transmitted, Resistance of
transmission line will be ‘R’
Power P =V*I
We have the equation for power loss
P Loss = I^2* R = (P/V) ^2 * R
P Loss α 1/ (V^2)

• ‘P’ and ‘R’ are fixed in the conductor, less power will be lost
if high voltage ‘V’ are used & efficiency will be improved.

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Applications of High Voltage
• Electrostatic precipitator-Air pollution control
• Electrostatic copying
• Electrostatic printing
• Electrostatic separation
• Plasma based application
• Cosmology study of space
• Jet propulsion laboratory
• High voltage or current pulse generator
• Electrostatic coating of material
• Electrostatic Painting
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
What is Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS) …..?
• An electrostatic precipitator (EPS) is a
filtration device that removes fine particles,
like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using
the force of an induced electrostatic charge
minimally impeding the flow of gases through
the unit. (Electrostatic attraction)
• It is based on law of electrostatics.
• EPS is working based on High Voltage
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
• Electrical equipment for producing high
voltage supply is necessary for the ESP.
• A high voltage transformer( to step up line
voltage) & rectifier (ac-dc) provide power
necessary for the precipitation process.
• It is widely used to control particulate
emission from boiler & industrial process.
• It uses electrical force to capture particle from
the incoming gas.
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 Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Clean gas exit
Schematic Diagram
• Particles are attracted to
Collector electrodes
And forming dust layer.

Positive electrode Electric field Negative electrode

(Discharge Electrode) (Collection Electrode)

•High voltage supply

is required in
between collector + -
electrodes
Gas flows

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Basic block diagram

Interconnect
AC supply
to control
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
• Applications of Electrostatic precipitator
- Solid waste incinerators
- Basic oxygen furnace
- Glass furnace
- Electric arc furnace
- Coal fired boiler
- cement kilns
- Ash handling unit in steam thermal
power station
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Flat plate electrostatic precipitator

Plate wire electrostatic precipitator

Dry precipitators

Tabular electrostatic precipitator

Wet electrostatic precipitator

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
For further reading purpose….

Classification of Electrostatic precipitator

Plate wire collectors
• Maintain the gas flow in between two parallel
wires
• Weighted and long wires
• HV supply is provided by step up transformer,
high voltage rectifier & filter
• Possible to adjust the voltage
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Plate wire collectors
• Maintain the distance between two wires such
a way that it should free from corona

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Flat plate precipitator
• It has high surface area
• Average electric field is high
• It is suitable for collecting particle having high
resistivity , small & medium diameter
Eg. Fly ash can be collected by using flat plate
precipitator.
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Flat plate precipitator

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Tabular precipitator
• Tubular structure
• Tubes may be circular or hexagonal
• High voltage electrode running in the axis of the
tube
• Many tubes can operate parallel for increased gas
flows.
• Used when the particulate (pollutant) having
wet or sticky nature.

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Wet electrostatic precipitator
•Available in different shapes like
Circular, hexagonal , rectangular
Etc

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Wet electrostatic precipitator
• The wet electrostatic precipitator mostly
works on the same principle as the dry
electrostatic precipitator.
• It has been specifically developed to realize
higher yields for water-soluble aerosols,
which are more difficult to separate with a dry
electrostatic precipitator.
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Classification of Electrostatic precipitator
Wet electrostatic precipitator
• The collected dust is removed by using rinsing
fluid (rinsing= removal by fluid like soap).
• This takes place by periodically spraying the filter
or by collecting droplets from the added gas
stream.
• In both cases, the liquid droplets move, under
the influence of the electrical field, to the
collector electrode so that a downward-flowing
liquid film is created on the electrode.
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Components of Electrostatic precipitator
1. Discharge electrode
2. Collection electrode
3. Rappers
4. Electrical system( Transformer-Rectifier-
Filter)
5. Hoppers
6. Shell

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Components of Electrostatic precipitator
1. Discharge electrode
• Impart electrical charge to the particles
• Having small diameter
2. Collection electrode
• To collect the charged particle
• Different shapes- tubes, flat plate etc
• Charge opposite to that of discharge electrode
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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Components of Electrostatic precipitator
3. Electrical system
• Consists of transformer- Rectifier- Filter
• Control the strength of electric field between
discharge & collection electrodes.
4. Rappers
• Mechanism for providing vibration or shock to
both collector & discharge electrodes.
• Vibration or shock causes the particle attracted
towards the electrodes.

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
5. Hoppers
• Used to collect & temporarily store the particle
removed during rapping.
• Hoppers located at the bottom of an ESP
• A few particle settled by gravity
6. Shell
• Encloses the electrodes
• Support ESP components
• Maintain proper electrode configuration
• Shell covered with insulation to conserve the heat &
prevent corrosion.

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Electrostatic Precipitator (EPS)
Construction Rappers

Discharge & Collection

Electrodes

Fresh gas out Flue gas in

Hopper

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Separation Using High Voltage
• It is also called as Electrostatic Separator
• It has two electrodes
• It works on the principle of corona discharge
• The high voltage is used to separate the ionized
particles
Areas of application:-
(a) Pollution Control
Usually these are used in power plants where
the harmful gases coming out of the chimneys
are first treated using electrostatic separator.

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Separation Using High Voltage
• It has positive electrodes & negative electrodes.
• Positive ions from the pollutant particle attracted
towards negative electrode & vice versa.
(b) Chemical engineering:-
• It is possible to separate biodiesel from glycerin
or Animal oil or Vegetable oil using electrolysis.
• Increase the efficiency of chemical process

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High Voltage Paint
Features of high voltage paint
• High quality
• High paint flow capability ie 700mL/min
• Increased paint performance
• Excellent finish
• Maximum transfer efficiency of paint
• Superior colour change performance
• Reduced cycle time

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High Voltage Paint
How…..?
• High Voltage painting can be done by using a
device called as “High Speed Rotating
Atomizer”.
• Example for “High Speed Rotating Atomizer” is
“ECOBELL2”.
• “ECOBELL2” has a pipe like structure which
support for uniform paint by using HV.
Maximum voltage required is 100kV .
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High Voltage Paint
Present scenario of HV painting technology….?
• ECOBELL3 is implemented.
• Based on Robotic control.

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High Voltage Paint
How does it work……?
• Paint droplets can give by using high speed
rotating atomizer.
• The attraction force between paint droplet &
the part being painted are caused by a
difference in polarity.
• The surface which is to be painted directly
connected to the ground.

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High Voltage Paint Surface need to be done painting

Grounded gun mover

Block Diagram
Voltage block
Or Voltage Generator

Paint

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HIGH VOLTAGE PRINTING
• The use of electrical discharge as means of
creating images in a photographic media is
termed as high voltage printing.
• HV PCB design is one of the example for HV
Printing.
• Glassy poxed PCB is suitable for HV printing
application.
• Rapidly produces high quality text
• Retinal Pigment Epithelium is used for making
HV images.

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HIGH VOLTAGE PRINTING
• High voltage printing requires the voltage
ranges in between 3000V to 100kV

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 HIGH VOLTAGE PRINTING
Toner particle

- - -
High Voltage Power Source
- - - -
- +
- +
+
- + Drum
- +
•Drum used to rotate continuously Stepper
Motor
•Drum select the charged toner particle
•Transfer the image to the paper
•Which heated permanently
•Fixed the image
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Advantages & Disadvantages of HV
power transmission
Advantages
• Reduced transmission line losses
• Better efficiency
• Improvement in voltage regulation.
Disadvantages
• Increased insulation level
• With increase in the voltage of transmission,
more clearance is required between conductors
and ground. Hence higher towers are required.

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Review Questions
Q1. What are the advantages of transmitting
electrical power at high voltage? What are
the applications of high voltages ?
10 Marks

(Dec 2013/Jan 2014, December 2011, June/

July 2011, Dec 2009, May/ June 2009,
June/july 2015)

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Review Questions
Q2. List the advantages of high voltage power
transmission. 06 Marks

(June/July 2013, May 2007)

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Review Questions
Q3. Explain the need of high voltage in the
laboratory. 06 Marks

(Dec.2013/Jan 2014, December 2010,

June/July 2015)

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Review Questions
Q4. Explain the working principle of
electrostatic precipitator and electrostatic
painting 08 Marks

(December 2011)

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Review Questions
Q5. What are the industrial applications of high
voltages? 08 Marks
(June/July 2013)

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Assignment Test -1 Max 40 Marks
1. What are the advantages of transmitting electrical power
at high voltage? What are the applications of high voltages
?
10 Marks
2. Explain the need of high voltage in the laboratory.
06 Marks
3. Explain the working principle of electrostatic precipitator
and electrostatic painting
08 Marks
4. What you meant by High Voltage Printing?
06 Marks
5. Explain the construction of Electrostatic Precipitator.
05 Marks
6. List the applications of High Voltage 05 Marks
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